Exam question 4 · Pigs: mud, snouts and brains

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the colouration of domestic pigs and their ancestry.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern · To what, where: response, colouration

This is exam question 4 of lesson 210 «Pigs: mud, snouts and brains» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 colouration	det
11	colouration	colouration	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 pigs	case
13	domestic	domestic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 pigs	amod
14	pigs	pig	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 colouration	nmod
15	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 ancestry	cc
16	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	17 ancestry	nmod:poss
17	ancestry	ancestry	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 pigs	conj
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the colouration of domestic pigs and pigs's ancestry		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus colouration=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

All pigs are pink, as were their ancestors

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	All	all	DET	PronType=Tot	2 pigs	det
2	pigs	pig	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 pink	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 pink	cop
4	pink	pink	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 ancestors	punct
6	as	as	ADP	_	9 ancestors	case
7	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	9 ancestors	cop
8	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 ancestors	nmod:poss
9	ancestors	ancestor	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 pink	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	all pigs					pink property	tree rules
2	is	past						as pigs's ancestors	tree rules

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

Pigs descend from the hippopotamus

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Pigs	pig	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 descend	nsubj
2	descend	descend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	5 hippopotamus	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 hippopotamus	det
5	hippopotamus	hippopotamus	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 descend	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	descend	present	Pigs			the hippopotamus			vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from hippopotamus=Location

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Pigs may be pink, black, spotted, ginger or hairy, and descend from the hairy brown wild boar

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Pigs	pig	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 pink	nsubj
2	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 pink	aux
3	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	4 pink	cop
4	pink	pink	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 black	punct
6	black	black	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 pink	conj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 spotted	punct
8	spotted	spot	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 pink	parataxis
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 ginger	punct
10	ginger	ginger	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 pink	conj
11	or	or	CCONJ	_	12 hairy	cc
12	hairy	hairy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 pink	conj
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	15 descend	punct
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 descend	cc
15	descend	descend	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 pink	conj
16	from	from	ADP	_	21 boar	case
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 boar	det
18	hairy	hairy	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 boar	amod
19	brown	brown	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 boar	amod
20	wild	wild	ADJ	Degree=Pos	21 boar	amod
21	boar	boar	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 descend	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	where	other	roles by
1	is	may	Pigs		pink property	tree rules
2	be		Pigs not said here			tree rules
3	spot	participle				vn weather-57 «It V PP.theme»
4	be		Pigs not said here			tree rules
5	descend	present	Pigs not said here	the hairy brown wild boar		vn meander-47.7-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme from boar=Location

Option 4

Pigs are invariably black in the wild state

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Pigs	pig	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 black	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 black	cop
3	invariably	invariably	ADV	_	4 black	advmod
4	black	black	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	8 state	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 state	det
7	wild	wild	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 state	amod
8	state	state	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 black	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Pigs			the wild state		black, invariably property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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