Exam question 2 · Chickens: eggs, pecking order and living dinosaurs

Identify the principal reason for which the domestic fowl must be enclosed at nightfall.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, enclose · To what, where: principal reason, domestic fowl, nightfall

This is exam question 2 of lesson 212 «Chickens: eggs, pecking order and living dinosaurs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 enclosed	obl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 fowl	det
8	domestic	domestic	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 fowl	amod
9	fowl	fowl	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 enclosed	nsubj:pass
10	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	12 enclosed	aux
11	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	12 enclosed	aux:pass
12	enclosed	enclose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 reason	acl:relcl
13	at	at	ADP	_	14 nightfall	case
14	nightfall	nightfall	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 enclosed	obl
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	enclose	must · passive		the domestic fowl		nightfall		for the principal reason	vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: subject=Co-Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Exposure to moonlight prevents laying

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Exposure	exposure	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 prevents	nsubj
2	to	to	PART	_	3 moonlight	mark
3	moonlight	moonlight	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Exposure	acl
4	prevents	prevent	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	laying	lay	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	4 prevents	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prevent	present	Exposure						vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Causer clause=Eventuality
2	lay	gerund	Exposure not said here						vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Foxes hunt chickens, which fly poorly and sleep deeply at night

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Foxes	fox	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 hunt	nsubj
2	hunt	hunt	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	chickens	chicken	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 hunt	obj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 fly	punct
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 fly	nsubj
6	fly	fly	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 chickens	acl:relcl
7	poorly	poorly	ADV	_	6 fly	advmod
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 sleep	cc
9	sleep	sleep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 fly	conj
10	deeply	deeply	ADV	_	9 sleep	advmod
11	at	at	ADP	_	12 night	case
12	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 sleep	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	hunt	present	Foxes	chickens			vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chicken=Theme
2	fly	present	chickens			poorly property	vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	sleep	present	chickens not said here		night	deeply property	vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3

Chickens are inclined to migrate after dark

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Chickens	chicken	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 inclined	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 inclined	aux:pass
3	inclined	incline	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 migrate	mark
5	migrate	migrate	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 inclined	xcomp
6	after	after	ADP	_	7 dark	case
7	dark	dark	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 migrate	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	incline	present · passive		Chickens					tree rules
2	migrate	to-infinitive					after dark		tree rules

Option 4

The eggs freeze unless the house is closed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 eggs	det
2	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 freeze	nsubj
3	freeze	freeze	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	unless	unless	SCONJ	_	8 closed	mark
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 house	det
6	house	house	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 closed	nsubj:pass
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 closed	aux:pass
8	closed	close	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 freeze	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	freeze	present	the eggs						vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	close a condition, not said to happen	present · passive		the house					vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/212-chickens-eggs-pecking-order-and-living-dinosaurs/e2/