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Exam question 3 · Chickens: eggs, pecking order and living dinosaurs

It is given that a hen is observed rolling in dry earth with outstretched wings. Ascertain the correct interpretation.

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: give, observe, roll, ascertain · To what, where: It, hen, dry earth, correct interpretation

This is exam question 3 of lesson 212 «Chickens: eggs, pecking order and living dinosaurs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: It is given that a hen is observed rolling in dry earth with outstretched wings.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 given	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 given	aux:pass
3	given	give	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	that	that	SCONJ	_	8 observed	mark
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 hen	det
6	hen	hen	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 observed	nsubj:pass
7	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 observed	aux:pass
8	observed	observe	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 given	advcl
9	rolling	roll	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 observed	xcomp
10	in	in	ADP	_	12 earth	case
11	dry	dry	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 earth	amod
12	earth	earth	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 rolling	obl
13	with	with	ADP	_	15 wings	case
14	outstretched	outstretched	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 wings	amod
15	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 rolling	obl
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 given	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give	present · passive		It					vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
2	observe	present · passive		a hen					tree rules
3	roll	gerund				dry earth		with outstretched wings	vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in earth=Trajectory

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Ascertain the correct interpretation.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 interpretation	det
3	correct	correct	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 interpretation	amod
4	interpretation	interpretation	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
5	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the correct interpretation					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent interpretation=Topic

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

The hen is dust bathing to clean her feathers and remove mites

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 hen	det
2	hen	hen	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 bathing	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 bathing	cop
4	dust	dust	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 bathing	compound
5	bathing	bathing	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	to	to	PART	_	7 clean	mark
7	clean	clean	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 bathing	acl
8	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	9 feathers	nmod:poss
9	feathers	feather	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 clean	obj
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 remove	cc
11	remove	remove	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 clean	conj
12	mites	mite	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 remove	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the hen	dust bathing					tree rules
2	clean	to-infinitive		her feathers					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent feather=Patient
3	remove	infinitive		mites					vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mite=Theme

Option 2

The hen is gravely ill and near death

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 hen	det
2	hen	hen	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 death	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 death	cop
4	gravely	gravely	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 death	amod
5	ill	ill	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 death	amod
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 near	cc
7	near	near	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 ill	conj
8	death	death	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the hen	gravely ill death					tree rules

Option 3

The hen is endeavouring to take flight

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 hen	det
2	hen	hen	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 endeavouring	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 endeavouring	aux
4	endeavouring	endeavour	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	to	to	PART	_	6 take	mark
6	take	take	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 endeavouring	xcomp
7	flight	flight	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 take	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	endeavour	present · progressive	the hen						tree rules
2	take	to-infinitive	the hen not said here	flight					vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flight=Theme

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

The hen is constructing a nest underground for the eggs she will lay in spring

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 hen	det
2	hen	hen	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 constructing	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 constructing	aux
4	constructing	construct	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 nest	det
6	nest	nest	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 constructing	obj
7	underground	underground	ADV	_	4 constructing	advmod
8	for	for	ADP	_	10 eggs	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 eggs	det
10	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 constructing	obl
11	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 lay	nsubj
12	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	13 lay	aux
13	lay	lay	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 eggs	acl:relcl
14	in	in	ADP	_	15 spring	case
15	spring	spring	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 lay	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	construct	present · progressive	the hen	a nest				for the eggs; underground property	vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent nest=Result for egg=Beneficiary
2	lay	future	hen	the eggs not said here			spring		vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Result

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/212-chickens-eggs-pecking-order-and-living-dinosaurs/e3/