Exam question 1 · Hedgehogs: spines, hibernation and how to help them

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the spines of the hedgehog?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: spines

This is exam question 1 of lesson 214 «Hedgehogs: spines, hibernation and how to help them» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 spines	det
10	spines	spine	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 hedgehog	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 hedgehog	det
13	hedgehog	hedgehog	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 spines	nmod
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the spines of the hedgehog				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

They are hollow hairs, some five thousand in number, which cannot be discharged

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 hairs	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 hairs	cop
3	hollow	hollow	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 hairs	amod
4	hairs	hair	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 thousand	punct
6	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	8 thousand	nsubj
7	five	five	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 thousand	compound
8	thousand	thousand	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 hairs	appos
9	in	in	ADP	_	10 number	case
10	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 thousand	nmod
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 discharged	punct
12	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	16 discharged	nsubj:pass
13	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	16 discharged	aux
14	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	16 discharged	advmod
15	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	16 discharged	aux:pass
16	discharged	discharge	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 hairs	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	They	hollow hairs					tree rules
2	not discharge	can · passive		hollow hairs					vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme

Option 2

They are bones which may be projected at an assailant over some distance

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 bones	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 bones	cop
3	bones	bone	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
4	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	7 projected	nsubj:pass
5	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	7 projected	aux
6	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	7 projected	aux:pass
7	projected	project	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 bones	acl:relcl
8	at	at	ADP	_	10 assailant	case
9	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 assailant	det
10	assailant	assailant	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 projected	obl
11	over	over	ADP	_	13 distance	case
12	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	13 distance	det
13	distance	distance	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 projected	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	They	bones					tree rules
2	project	may · passive		bones		a assailant		over some distance	vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V NP PP.value»: subject=Attribute at assailant=Value

Option 3

They number fewer than fifty

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 number	nsubj
2	number	number	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	fewer	few	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 fifty	advmod
4	than	than	ADP	_	3 fewer	fixed
5	fifty	fifty	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	2 number	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 4

They are thorns acquired from hedges

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 thorns	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 thorns	cop
3	thorns	thorn	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
4	acquired	acquire	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 thorns	acl
5	from	from	ADP	_	6 hedges	case
6	hedges	hedge	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 acquired	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	They	thorns					tree rules
2	acquire	participle		thorns not said here		hedges			vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent from hedge=Source

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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