Exam question 2 · Hedgehogs: spines, hibernation and how to help them

Identify the principal hazard posed to the hedgehog by a bonfire constructed some weeks before ignition.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, principal hazard · What happens: identify, pose, construct · To what, where: principal hazard

This is exam question 2 of lesson 214 «Hedgehogs: spines, hibernation and how to help them» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 hazard	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 hazard	amod
4	hazard	hazard	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 constructed	nsubj
5	posed	pose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 hazard	acl
6	to	to	ADP	_	8 hedgehog	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 hedgehog	det
8	hedgehog	hedgehog	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 posed	obl:agent
9	by	by	ADP	_	11 bonfire	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 bonfire	det
11	bonfire	bonfire	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 posed	obl
12	constructed	construct	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	1 Identify	parataxis
13	some	some	DET	PronType=Ind	14 weeks	det
14	weeks	week	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 constructed	obl:unmarked
15	before	before	ADP	_	16 ignition	case
16	ignition	ignition	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 constructed	obl
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here				vn empathize-88.2 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
2	pose	participle		the principal hazard not said here		by a bonfire	vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	construct	past	the principal hazard		before ignition; week		vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Hedgehogs are drawn to warmth and will light fires

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hedgehogs	hedgehog	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 drawn	nsubj:pass
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 drawn	aux:pass
3	drawn	draw	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	to	to	ADP	_	5 warmth	case
5	warmth	warmth	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 drawn	obl
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 fires	cc
7	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 fires	aux
8	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 fires	compound
9	fires	fire	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 drawn	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	draw	present · passive		Hedgehogs		warmth			vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme to warmth=Destination

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

A hedgehog may have made its nest within the pile

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 hedgehog	det
2	hedgehog	hedgehog	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 made	nsubj:pass
3	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 made	aux
4	have	have	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	5 made	aux
5	made	make	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 nest	nmod:poss
7	nest	nest	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 made	obj
8	within	within	ADP	_	10 pile	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 pile	det
10	pile	pile	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 made	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	may · perfect · passive		a hedgehog				within the pile	vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: subject=Beneficiary nest=Product

Option 3

The pile prevents hedgehogs from hibernating

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 pile	det
2	pile	pile	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 prevents	nsubj
3	prevents	prevent	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	hedgehogs	hedgehog	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 prevents	obj
5	from	from	SCONJ	_	6 hibernating	mark
6	hibernating	hibernate	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 prevents	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	prevent	present	the pile	hedgehogs					vn forbid-64.4-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Causer hedgehog=Theme
2	hibernate	gerund	the pile not said here						vn fit-54.3 «NP.location V NP»: agent=Location

Option 4

The smoke attracts hedgehogs from afar

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 smoke	det
2	smoke	smoke	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 attracts	nsubj
3	attracts	attract	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	hedgehogs	hedgehog	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 attracts	obj
5	from	from	ADP	_	6 afar	case
6	afar	afar	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 attracts	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	attract	present	the smoke	hedgehogs		afar			vn lure-59.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hedgehog=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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