Exam question 4 · Hedgehogs: spines, hibernation and how to help them

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the hibernation of hedgehogs.

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, established facts, hedgehogs · What happens: select, establish, concern, hibernate · To what, where: response, hibernation

This is exam question 4 of lesson 214 «Hedgehogs: spines, hibernation and how to help them» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 hibernation	det
11	hibernation	hibernation	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 hedgehogs	case
13	hedgehogs	hedgehog	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 hibernation	nmod
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the hibernation of hedgehogs		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus hibernation=Experiencer
4	hibernate		hedgehogs			nom hibernation «state intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

The body warms and the heart accelerates throughout the winter

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 body	det
2	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 warms	nsubj
3	warms	warm	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 accelerates	cc
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 heart	det
6	heart	heart	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 accelerates	nsubj
7	accelerates	accelerate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 warms	conj
8	throughout	throughout	ADP	_	10 winter	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 winter	det
10	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 accelerates	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	warm	present	the body						vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	accelerate	present	the heart				winter		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The body cools and the heart slows to conserve energy, sufficient fat being required beforehand

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 body	det
2	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 cools	nsubj
3	cools	cool	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 slows	cc
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 heart	det
6	heart	heart	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 slows	nsubj
7	slows	slow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 cools	conj
8	to	to	PART	_	9 conserve	mark
9	conserve	conserve	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	7 slows	xcomp
10	energy	energy	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 conserve	obj
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 fat	punct
12	sufficient	sufficient	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 fat	amod
13	fat	fat	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 cools	obl
14	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	15 required	aux:pass
15	required	require	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	13 fat	acl
16	beforehand	beforehand	ADV	_	15 required	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	cool	present	the body	sufficient fat		vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	slow	present	the heart			tree rules
3	conserve	to-infinitive	the heart not said here	energy		tree rules
4	require	gerund · passive		sufficient fat not said here	beforehand property	vn require-103-1 «NP V NP S_INF»

Option 3

Hedgehogs remain fully active throughout the winter

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hedgehogs	hedgehog	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 remain	nsubj
2	remain	remain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	fully	fully	ADV	_	4 active	advmod
4	active	active	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 remain	xcomp
5	throughout	throughout	ADP	_	7 winter	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 winter	det
7	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 active	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	remain	present	Hedgehogs					active property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

Hibernation requires the animal to fast throughout the autumn

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hibernation	hibernation	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 requires	nsubj
2	requires	require	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 animal	det
4	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 requires	obj
5	to	to	PART	_	6 fast	mark
6	fast	fast	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 requires	advcl
7	throughout	throughout	ADP	_	9 autumn	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 autumn	det
9	autumn	autumn	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 fast	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	require	present	Hibernation	the animal					vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme animal=Precondition
2	fast	to-infinitive	Hibernation not said here				autumn		tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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