Test 9 · ★ · Foxes and squirrels

«why are there no red squirrels in my park in London» What is the main reason?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: be · To what, where: main reason · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 9 · ★ of lesson 215 «Foxes and squirrels» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	4 there	punct
2	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	4 there	advmod
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 there	cop
4	there	there	ADV	PronType=Dem	root	root
5	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	7 squirrels	det
6	red	red	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 squirrels	amod
7	squirrels	squirrel	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 there	parataxis
8	in	in	ADP	_	10 park	case
9	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 park	nmod:poss
10	park	park	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 squirrels	nmod
11	in	in	ADP	_	12 London	case
12	London	London	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 park	nmod
13	»	»	PUNCT	_	7 squirrels	punct
14	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	18 reason	nsubj
15	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	18 reason	cop
16	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 reason	det
17	main	main	ADJ	Degree=Pos	18 reason	amod
18	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 there	parataxis
19	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 there	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is in a quote	present						there property	tree rules
2	is a	present		the main reason					tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Red squirrels are scared of pigeons

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Red	red	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 squirrels	amod
2	squirrels	squirrel	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 scared	nsubj
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 scared	cop
4	scared	scared	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	6 pigeons	case
6	pigeons	pigeon	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 scared	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Red squirrels					of pigeons; scared property	tree rules

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

Red squirrels only live in Africa

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Red	red	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 squirrels	amod
2	squirrels	squirrel	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 live	nsubj
3	only	only	ADV	_	4 live	advmod
4	live	live	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 Africa	case
6	Africa	Africa	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 live	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	live	present	Red squirrels			Africa			vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in africa=Location

Option 3

Red squirrels turn grey in big cities because of all the smoke and dirt

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Red	red	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 squirrels	amod
2	squirrels	squirrel	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 turn	nsubj
3	turn	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	grey	grey	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 turn	xcomp
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 cities	case
6	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 cities	amod
7	cities	city	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 turn	obl
8	because	because	ADP	ExtPos=ADP	12 smoke	case
9	of	of	ADP	_	8 because	fixed
10	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	12 smoke	det:predet
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 smoke	det
12	smoke	smoke	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 turn	obl
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 dirt	cc
14	dirt	dirt	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 smoke	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	turn	present	Red squirrels			big cities		because all smoke and dirt; grey property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme in city=Trajectory

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Grey squirrels from America spread a virus to reds and took their food

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Grey	grey	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 squirrels	amod
2	squirrels	squirrel	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 spread	nsubj
3	from	from	ADP	_	4 America	case
4	America	America	PROPN	Number=Sing	2 squirrels	nmod
5	spread	spread	VERB	Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 virus	det
7	virus	virus	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 spread	obj
8	to	to	ADP	_	9 reds	case
9	reds	red	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 spread	obl
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 took	cc
11	took	take	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 spread	conj
12	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 food	nmod:poss
13	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 took	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	spread	past	Grey squirrels from America	a virus				to reds	vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location virus=Theme
2	take	past	Grey squirrels from America not said here	squirrels's food					vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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