Exam question 2 · Garden birds: robins, blackbirds, tits and feeders

Identify the principal reason for which birds collide with window glass.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, birds · What happens: identify, collide · To what, where: principal reason

This is exam question 2 of lesson 216 «Garden birds: robins, blackbirds, tits and feeders» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 reason	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 reason	amod
4	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 which	case
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 collide	obl
7	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 collide	nsubj
8	collide	collide	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 reason	acl:relcl
9	with	with	ADP	_	11 glass	case
10	window	window	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 glass	compound
11	glass	glass	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 collide	obl
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal reason					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme
2	collide	present	birds					for the principal reason; with window glass	vn battle-36.4 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with glass=Co-Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

Birds attack the glass in defence of territory against every bird they see

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 attack	nsubj
2	attack	attack	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 glass	det
4	glass	glass	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 attack	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	6 defence	case
6	defence	defence	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 attack	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	8 territory	case
8	territory	territory	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 defence	nmod
9	against	against	ADP	_	11 bird	case
10	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	11 bird	det
11	bird	bird	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 attack	obl
12	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 see	nsubj
13	see	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 bird	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	attack	present	Birds	the glass	defence of territory	against every bird	vn attack-60.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent glass=Patient
2	see	present	Birds = bird	every bird not said here			vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer bird=Stimulus
3	defend			territory			nom defence «process transitive»: of=patient

Option 2

Birds are unable to see in daylight

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 unable	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 unable	cop
3	unable	unable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 see	mark
5	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 unable	xcomp
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 daylight	case
7	daylight	daylight	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 see	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Birds					unable property	tree rules
2	see	to-infinitive	Birds not said here			daylight			vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

Option 3

Birds desire to enter dwellings in search of warmth and food

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 desire	nsubj
2	desire	desire	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	PART	_	4 enter	mark
4	enter	enter	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 desire	xcomp
5	dwellings	dwelling	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 enter	obj
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 search	case
7	search	search	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 enter	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 warmth	case
9	warmth	warmth	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 search	nmod
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 food	cc
11	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 warmth	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	desire	present	Birds			vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
2	enter not said to happen	to-infinitive	Birds not said here	dwellings	search of warmth and food	vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme dwelling=Destination
3	search			warmth and food		nom search «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

Trees and sky are reflected in the glass and mistaken for open space

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Trees	tree	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 reflected	nsubj:pass
2	and	and	CCONJ	_	3 sky	cc
3	sky	sky	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Trees	conj
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 reflected	aux:pass
5	reflected	reflect	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 glass	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 glass	det
8	glass	glass	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 reflected	obl
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 mistaken	cc
10	mistaken	mistaken	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 reflected	conj
11	for	for	ADP	_	13 space	case
12	open	open	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 space	amod
13	space	space	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 reflected	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	reflect	present · passive		Trees and sky		the glass		for open space	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/216-garden-birds-robins-blackbirds-tits-and-feeders/e2/