Exam question 1 · Worms, snails and slugs
Identify the principal means by which respiration is accomplished in the earthworm.
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, principal · What happens: identify, mean, accomplish · To what, where: respiration, earthworm · Speech: someone speaks here
This is exam question 1 of lesson 217 «Worms, snails and slugs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Identify | identify | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 principal | det |
| 3 | principal | principal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 means | nsubj |
| 4 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 Identify | ccomp |
| 5 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 9 accomplished | mark |
| 6 | which | which | DET | PronType=Int | 7 respiration | det |
| 7 | respiration | respiration | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 accomplished | nsubj:pass |
| 8 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 9 accomplished | aux:pass |
| 9 | accomplished | accomplish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 means | ccomp |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 earthworm | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 earthworm | det |
| 12 | earthworm | earthworm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 accomplished | obl |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Identify | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | identify | imperative | you not said here | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 2 | mean | present | the principal | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 3 | accomplish | present · passive | which respiration | the earthworm | vn complete-55.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
Water is passed across gills situated near the head of the animal
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 passed | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 passed | aux:pass |
| 3 | passed | pass | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | across | across | ADP | _ | 5 gills | case |
| 5 | gills | gill | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 passed | obl |
| 6 | situated | situate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 5 gills | acl |
| 7 | near | near | ADP | _ | 9 head | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 head | det |
| 9 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 situated | obl |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 animal | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 animal | det |
| 12 | animal | animal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 head | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | pass | present · passive | Water | gills | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: subject=Trajectory | ||||
| 2 | situate | participle | gills not said here | the head of the animal | vn put-9.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent near head=Destination |
Option 2
Air is admitted through an aperture situated at the posterior end
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 admitted | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 admitted | aux:pass |
| 3 | admitted | admit | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | through | through | ADP | _ | 6 aperture | case |
| 5 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 aperture | det |
| 6 | aperture | aperture | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 admitted | obl |
| 7 | situated | situate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 6 aperture | acl |
| 8 | at | at | ADP | _ | 11 end | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 end | det |
| 10 | posterior | posterior | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 end | amod |
| 11 | end | end | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 situated | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | admit speech: other | present · passive | Air | a aperture | vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: subject=Theme through aperture=Location | ||||
| 2 | situate | participle | a aperture not said here | at the posterior end | vn put-9.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent at end=Destination |
Option 3 · ✓ the right answer
Gaseous exchange occurs through the moist surface of the skin
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Gaseous | gaseous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 exchange | amod |
| 2 | exchange | exchange | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 occurs | nsubj |
| 3 | occurs | occur | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | through | through | ADP | _ | 7 surface | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 surface | det |
| 6 | moist | moist | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 surface | amod |
| 7 | surface | surface | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 occurs | obl |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 skin | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 skin | det |
| 10 | skin | skin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 surface | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | occur | present | Gaseous exchange | the moist surface of the skin | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme through surface=Location |
Option 4
Air is drawn into a pair of internal lungs
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 drawn | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 drawn | aux:pass |
| 3 | drawn | draw | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | into | into | ADP | _ | 6 pair | case |
| 5 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 6 pair | det |
| 6 | pair | pair | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 drawn | obl |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 lungs | case |
| 8 | internal | internal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 lungs | amod |
| 9 | lungs | lung | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 pair | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | draw | present · passive | Air | into a pair of internal lungs result | vn lure-59.3 «NP V NP S_ING»: subject=Patient into pair=Result |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/217-worms-snails-and-slugs/e1/