Exam question 1 · Butterflies, moths and ladybirds
Identify the process by which the larva of the butterfly is transformed into the adult insect.
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, process · What happens: identify, transform · To what, where: process, larva
This is exam question 1 of lesson 219 «Butterflies, moths and ladybirds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Identify | identify | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 process | det |
| 3 | process | process | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Identify | obj |
| 4 | by | by | ADP | _ | 5 which | case |
| 5 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 transformed | obl |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 larva | det |
| 7 | larva | larva | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 transformed | nsubj:pass |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 butterfly | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 butterfly | det |
| 10 | butterfly | butterfly | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 larva | nmod |
| 11 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 transformed | aux:pass |
| 12 | transformed | transform | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 process | acl:relcl |
| 13 | into | into | ADP | _ | 16 insect | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 insect | det |
| 15 | adult | adult | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 16 insect | amod |
| 16 | insect | insect | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 transformed | obl |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Identify | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | identify | imperative | you not said here | the process | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent process=Theme | ||||
| 2 | transform | present · passive | the process | the larva of the butterfly | into the adult insect result | vn turn-26.6.1 «NP V NP.patient PP.result»: agent=Agent subject=Patient into insect=Result |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
The larva deposits an egg from which the adult subsequently emerges
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 larva | det |
| 2 | larva | larva | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 deposits | nsubj |
| 3 | deposits | deposit | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 egg | det |
| 5 | egg | egg | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 deposits | obj |
| 6 | from | from | ADP | _ | 7 which | case |
| 7 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 11 emerges | obl |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 adult | det |
| 9 | adult | adult | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 emerges | nsubj |
| 10 | subsequently | subsequently | ADV | _ | 11 emerges | advmod |
| 11 | emerges | emerge | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 deposits | conj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | deposit | present | the larva | a egg | vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Theme | ||||
| 2 | emerge | present | the adult | subsequently property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from which=Initial_Location |
Option 2
The larva is transformed within the stomach of a bird
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 larva | det |
| 2 | larva | larva | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 transformed | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 transformed | aux:pass |
| 4 | transformed | transform | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | within | within | ADP | _ | 7 stomach | case |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 stomach | det |
| 7 | stomach | stomach | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 transformed | obl |
| 8 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 bird | case |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 bird | det |
| 10 | bird | bird | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 stomach | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | transform | present · passive | the larva | within the stomach of a bird | vn turn-26.6.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
Option 3
The larva acquires wings while continuing to feed
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 larva | det |
| 2 | larva | larva | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 acquires | nsubj |
| 3 | acquires | acquire | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | wings | wing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 acquires | obj |
| 5 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 6 continuing | mark |
| 6 | continuing | continue | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 acquires | advcl |
| 7 | to | to | PART | _ | 8 feed | mark |
| 8 | feed | feed | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 continuing | xcomp |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | acquire | present | the larva | wings | vn obtain-13.5.2-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset wing=Theme | ||||
| 2 | continue | gerund | the larva not said here | vn continue-55.3 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality | |||||
| 3 | feed | to-infinitive | the larva not said here | vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent |
Option 4 · ✓ the right answer
The body is broken down and reconstructed within a chrysalis
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 body | det |
| 2 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 broken | nsubj |
| 3 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 broken | aux:pass |
| 4 | broken | break | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | down | down | ADP | _ | 4 broken | compound:prt |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 reconstructed | cc |
| 7 | reconstructed | reconstruct | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 broken | conj |
| 8 | within | within | ADP | _ | 10 chrysalis | case |
| 9 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 10 chrysalis | det |
| 10 | chrysalis | chrysalis | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 reconstructed | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | break down | present · passive | the body | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | |||||
| 2 | reconstruct | participle | within a chrysalis | tree rules |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/219-butterflies-moths-and-ladybirds/e1/