Test 11 · ★ · Butterflies, moths and ladybirds

«tasting with feet? that's gross, makes no sense» Why is it useful for a butterfly?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: that, tasting, sense · What happens: taste, be, make · To what, where: sense · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 11 · ★ of lesson 219 «Butterflies, moths and ladybirds» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	2 tasting	punct
2	tasting	taste	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 makes	csubj
3	with	with	ADP	_	4 feet	case
4	feet	foot	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 tasting	obl
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 gross	punct
6	that	that	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	8 gross	nsubj
7	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 gross	cop
8	gross	gross	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 tasting	parataxis
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 tasting	punct
10	makes	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
11	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	12 sense	det
12	sense	sense	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 makes	obj
13	»	»	PUNCT	_	10 makes	punct
14	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	17 useful	advmod
15	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 useful	cop
16	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	17 useful	nsubj
17	useful	useful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 makes	parataxis
18	for	for	ADP	_	20 butterfly	case
19	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	20 butterfly	det
20	butterfly	butterfly	NOUN	Number=Sing	17 useful	obl
21	?	?	PUNCT	_	10 makes	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	taste in a quote	gerund			with feet	vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
2	is in a quote	present	that		gross property	tree rules
3	make in a quote	present	tasting	no sense		tree rules
4	is	present	sense		for a butterfly; useful property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It can taste the ground to find water

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 taste	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 taste	aux
3	taste	taste	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 ground	det
5	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 taste	obj
6	to	to	PART	_	7 find	mark
7	find	find	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 taste	advcl
8	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 find	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	taste	can	It	the ground					vn seem-109 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Theme ground=Attribute
2	find	to-infinitive		water					vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Topic

Option 2

It can eat while it is flying, without ever landing

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 eat	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 eat	aux
3	eat	eat	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	while	while	SCONJ	_	7 flying	mark
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 flying	nsubj
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 flying	aux
7	flying	fly	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 eat	advcl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 landing	punct
9	without	without	ADP	_	11 landing	case
10	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	11 landing	advmod
11	landing	landing	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 eat	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	eat	can	It					without landing	vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	fly	present · progressive	it						vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

It can tell if it is going to rain

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 tell	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 tell	aux
3	tell	tell	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	if	if	SCONJ	_	7 going	mark
5	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 going	nsubj
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 going	aux
7	going	go	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 tell	ccomp
8	to	to	PART	_	9 rain	mark
9	rain	rain	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 going	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	tell speech: assert	can	It						vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	go a condition, not said to happen	present · progressive	it	rain					vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It can check a leaf for its eggs just by landing on it

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 check	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 check	aux
3	check	check	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 leaf	det
5	leaf	leaf	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 check	obj
6	for	for	ADP	_	8 eggs	case
7	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 eggs	nmod:poss
8	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 check	obl
9	just	just	ADV	_	11 landing	advmod
10	by	by	SCONJ	_	11 landing	mark
11	landing	land	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 check	advcl
12	on	on	ADP	_	13 it	case
13	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 landing	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	check	can	It	a leaf				for leaf's eggs	vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent leaf=Theme for egg=Attribute
2	land	gerund				leaf			vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme on it=Destination

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/219-butterflies-moths-and-ladybirds/t11/