Exam question 1 · Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory
Identify the principal reason for which an elephant herd is led by its eldest female.
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, eldest female · What happens: identify, lead · To what, where: principal reason, elephant herd
This is exam question 1 of lesson 22 «Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Identify | identify | VERB | Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 reason | det |
| 3 | principal | principal | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 reason | amod |
| 4 | reason | reason | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Identify | obj |
| 5 | for | for | ADP | _ | 6 which | case |
| 6 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 11 led | obl |
| 7 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 9 herd | det |
| 8 | elephant | elephant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 herd | compound |
| 9 | herd | herd | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 led | nsubj:pass |
| 10 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 led | aux:pass |
| 11 | led | lead | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 reason | acl:relcl |
| 12 | by | by | ADP | _ | 15 female | case |
| 13 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 15 female | nmod:poss |
| 14 | eldest | eld | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 15 female | amod |
| 15 | female | female | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 led | obl:agent |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 1 Identify | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | identify | imperative | you not said here | the principal reason | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent reason=Theme | ||||
| 2 | lead | present · passive | herd's eldest female | a elephant herd | for the principal reason | vn accompany-51.7 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
Her status as the youngest member of the entire herd
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 2 status | nmod:poss |
| 2 | status | status | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | as | as | ADP | _ | 6 member | case |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 member | det |
| 5 | youngest | young | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 6 member | amod |
| 6 | member | member | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 status | nmod |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 herd | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 herd | det |
| 9 | entire | entire | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 herd | amod |
| 10 | herd | herd | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 member | nmod |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 2
The length of her tusks
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 length | det |
| 2 | length | length | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 tusks | case |
| 4 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 5 tusks | nmod:poss |
| 5 | tusks | tusk | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 length | nmod |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 3 · ✓ the right answer
Her accumulated memory of resources and dangers
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 3 memory | nmod:poss |
| 2 | accumulated | accumulate | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 memory | amod |
| 3 | memory | memory | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 resources | case |
| 5 | resources | resource | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 memory | nmod |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 dangers | cc |
| 7 | dangers | danger | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 resources | conj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | accumulate | participle | vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Option 4
Her superior bodily mass
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 4 mass | nmod:poss |
| 2 | superior | superior | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 mass | amod |
| 3 | bodily | bodily | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 mass | amod |
| 4 | mass | mass | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory/e1/