Test 6 · ★ · Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory
An elephant always uses its left tusk to dig, and that tusk is worn shorter. What is this like?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: elephant · What happens: use, dig, wear, be · To what, where: left tusk, tusk, this
This is test 6 · ★ of lesson 22 «Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: An elephant always uses its left tusk to dig, and that tusk is worn shorter.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | An | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 elephant | det |
| 2 | elephant | elephant | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 uses | nsubj |
| 3 | always | always | ADV | PronType=Tot | 4 uses | advmod |
| 4 | uses | use | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 tusk | nmod:poss |
| 6 | left | left | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 tusk | amod |
| 7 | tusk | tusk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 uses | obj |
| 8 | to | to | PART | _ | 9 dig | mark |
| 9 | dig | dig | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 uses | advcl |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 worn | punct |
| 11 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 15 worn | cc |
| 12 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 13 tusk | det |
| 13 | tusk | tusk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 worn | nsubj:pass |
| 14 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 worn | aux:pass |
| 15 | worn | wear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 uses | conj |
| 16 | shorter | short | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 15 worn | xcomp |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 uses | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | use | present | a elephant | elephant's left tusk | always property | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tusk=Patient | |||
| 2 | dig | to-infinitive | a elephant not said here | vn create-26.4-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | wear | present · passive | that tusk | short property | vn wipe_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.source»: subject=Source |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: What is this like?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | root | root |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 this | cop |
| 3 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 1 What | nsubj |
| 4 | like | like | ADP | _ | 1 What | case |
| 5 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 1 What | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | this | tree rules |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
Being colour-blind
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 colour | cop |
| 2 | colour | colour | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 blind | amod |
| 3 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 2 colour | punct |
| 4 | blind | blind | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | gerund | colour property | tree rules |
Option 2 · ✓ the right answer
Being left-handed
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 left | aux:pass |
| 2 | left | left | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 handed | compound |
| 3 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 2 left | punct |
| 4 | handed | hand | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hand | participle | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
Option 3
Being a different species
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 4 species | cop |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 species | det |
| 3 | different | different | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 species | amod |
| 4 | species | species | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | gerund | a different species | tree rules |
Option 4
Having a broken leg
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Having | have | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 leg | det |
| 3 | broken | break | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 leg | amod |
| 4 | leg | leg | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Having | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | gerund | a broken leg | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leg=Patient | |||||
| 2 | break | participle | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory/t6/