Test 9 · ★ · Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory

Your friend says the oldest elephant leads because she's the biggest. What's the better reason?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: friend, oldest elephant, elephant, better reason · What happens: say, lead, be · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 9 · ★ of lesson 22 «Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Your friend says the oldest elephant leads because she's the biggest.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	2 friend	nmod:poss
2	friend	friend	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 says	nsubj
3	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 elephant	det
5	oldest	old	ADJ	Degree=Sup	6 elephant	amod
6	elephant	elephant	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 leads	nsubj
7	leads	lead	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 says	ccomp
8	because	because	SCONJ	_	12 biggest	mark
9	she	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 biggest	nsubj
10	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 biggest	cop
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 biggest	det
12	biggest	big	ADJ	Degree=Sup	7 leads	advcl
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Your friend		vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	lead	present	the oldest elephant		vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition
3	is	present	elephant	big property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What's the better reason?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	's	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 What	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 reason	det
4	better	good	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	5 reason	amod
5	reason	reason	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 What	nsubj
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the better reason						tree rules

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

She can carry all of the calves on her back at once when they are tired

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 carry	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 carry	aux
3	carry	carry	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	3 carry	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 calves	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 calves	det
7	calves	calf	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 all	nmod
8	on	on	ADP	_	10 back	case
9	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 back	nmod:poss
10	back	back	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 calves	nmod
11	at	at	ADP	_	12 once	case
12	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	3 carry	obl
13	when	when	SCONJ	_	16 tired	mark
14	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 tired	nsubj
15	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	16 tired	cop
16	tired	tired	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 carry	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	carry	can	She	all					vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent all=Theme
2	is	present	calves = calf					tired property	tree rules

Option 2

She is the only one who can see

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 one	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 one	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 one	det
4	only	only	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 one	amod
5	one	one	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 see	nsubj
7	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	8 see	aux
8	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 one	acl:relcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	She	the only one					tree rules
2	see	can	the only one						vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

She has the most experience and remembers the most

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 has	nsubj
2	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 experience	det
4	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	5 experience	amod
5	experience	experience	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 has	obj
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 remembers	cc
7	remembers	remember	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 has	conj
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 most	det
9	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	7 remembers	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	She	the most experience					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent experience=Patient
2	remember	present	She not said here	the most					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent most=Theme

Option 4

She has the loudest trumpet

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	She	she	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 has	nsubj
2	has	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 trumpet	det
4	loudest	loud	ADJ	Degree=Sup	5 trumpet	amod
5	trumpet	trumpet	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 has	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	She	the loudest trumpet					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent trumpet=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory/t9/