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Test 10 · ★ · Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory

A one-year-old calf is surrounded by its mother and two aunts. Why do the aunts help?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: mother, aunts · What happens: surround, help · To what, where: old calf

This is test 10 · ★ of lesson 22 «Elephants: families, tusks, ears and memory» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A one-year-old calf is surrounded by its mother and two aunts.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 calf	det
2	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 year	nummod
3	-	-	PUNCT	_	2 one	punct
4	year	year	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 old	compound
5	-	-	PUNCT	_	4 year	punct
6	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 calf	amod
7	calf	calf	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 surrounded	nsubj:pass
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 surrounded	aux:pass
9	surrounded	surround	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
10	by	by	ADP	_	12 mother	case
11	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 mother	nmod:poss
12	mother	mother	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 surrounded	obl
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 aunts	cc
14	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	15 aunts	nummod
15	aunts	aunt	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 mother	conj
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	9 surrounded	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	surround	present · passive	calf's mother and two aunts	a old calf					vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme subject=Co-Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Why do the aunts help?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	5 help	advmod
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 help	aux
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 aunts	det
4	aunts	aunt	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 help	nsubj
5	help	help	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	5 help	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	help	present · do-support	the aunts						vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

They want to take the calf for themselves

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 want	nsubj
2	want	want	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	to	to	PART	_	4 take	mark
4	take	take	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 want	xcomp
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 calf	det
6	calf	calf	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 take	obj
7	for	for	ADP	_	8 themselves	case
8	themselves	themselves	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	4 take	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	want	present	They						vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme
2	take not said to happen	to-infinitive	They not said here	the calf				for themselves = they	vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent calf=Theme for themselves=Beneficiary

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Females in the herd share in looking after the calves

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Females	female	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
2	in	in	ADP	_	5 share	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 share	det
4	herd	herd	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 share	compound
5	share	share	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Females	nmod
6	in	in	SCONJ	_	7 looking	mark
7	looking	look	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 share	acl
8	after	after	ADP	_	10 calves	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 calves	det
10	calves	calf	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 looking	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	look	gerund	the herd share not said here				after the calves		vn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus

Option 3

The mother has gone off to live with the big males and left her calf behind

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 mother	det
2	mother	mother	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 gone	nsubj
3	has	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 gone	aux
4	gone	go	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	off	off	ADP	_	4 gone	compound:prt
6	to	to	PART	_	7 live	mark
7	live	live	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 gone	advcl
8	with	with	ADP	_	11 males	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 males	det
10	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 males	amod
11	males	male	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 live	obl
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 left	cc
13	left	leave	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 gone	conj
14	her	her	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	15 calf	nmod:poss
15	calf	calf	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 left	obj
16	behind	behind	ADV	_	13 left	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	go off	present · perfect	the mother						vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme
2	live	to-infinitive	the mother not said here					with the big males	vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme with male=Location
3	leave	past	the mother not said here	mother's calf				behind property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent calf=Theme

Option 4

The calf is their teacher

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 calf	det
2	calf	calf	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 teacher	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 teacher	cop
4	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 teacher	nmod:poss
5	teacher	teacher	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the calf	their teacher					tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/22-elephants-families-tusks-ears-memory/t10/