Test 10 · Pigeons: head bobbing, homing and city cliffs

What would a pigeon most likely use as a nest site if a town had no buildings?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: pigeon, town · What happens: use, have · To what, where: buildings

This is test 10 of lesson 221 «Pigeons: head bobbing, homing and city cliffs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	would	would	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	1 What	aux
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 pigeon	det
4	pigeon	pigeon	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 would	nsubj
5	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 use	advmod
6	likely	likely	ADV	_	7 use	advmod
7	use	use	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 pigeon	acl:relcl
8	as	as	ADP	_	11 site	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 site	det
10	nest	nest	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 site	compound
11	site	site	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 use	obl
12	if	if	SCONJ	_	15 had	mark
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 town	det
14	town	town	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 had	nsubj
15	had	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 use	advcl
16	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	17 buildings	det
17	buildings	building	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 had	obj
18	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	use	present	a pigeon not said here					as a nest site; likely property	vn eat-39.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	have a condition, not said to happen	past	a town	no buildings					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent building=Patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The top of a tall grass stem

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 top	det
2	top	top	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	7 stem	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 stem	det
5	tall	tall	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 stem	amod
6	grass	grass	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 stem	compound
7	stem	stem	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 top	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 2

A hole dug in the ground

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 hole	det
2	hole	hole	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	dug	dig	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 hole	acl
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 ground	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 ground	det
6	ground	ground	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 dug	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	dig	participle		a hole not said here		the ground			vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent in ground=Location

Option 3

A floating nest on a lake

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 nest	det
2	floating	float	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	3 nest	amod
3	nest	nest	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
4	on	on	ADP	_	6 lake	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 lake	det
6	lake	lake	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 nest	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	float	gerund							vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

A ledge on a cliff, like its wild ancestors

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 ledge	det
2	ledge	ledge	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	on	on	ADP	_	5 cliff	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 cliff	det
5	cliff	cliff	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 ledge	nmod
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 ancestors	punct
7	like	like	ADP	_	10 ancestors	case
8	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 ancestors	nmod:poss
9	wild	wild	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 ancestors	amod
10	ancestors	ancestor	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 ledge	conj

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/221-pigeons-head-bobbing-homing-and-city-cliffs/t10/