Exam question 1 · Raccoons, opossums and skunks

Identify the principal purpose of the behaviour in which a raccoon immerses its food in water.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, raccoon, behaviour · What happens: identify, immerse, purpose · To what, where: principal purpose, food, behaviour

This is exam question 1 of lesson 224 «Raccoons, opossums and skunks» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 purpose	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 purpose	amod
4	purpose	purpose	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 behaviour	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 behaviour	det
7	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 purpose	nmod
8	in	in	ADP	_	9 which	case
9	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	12 immerses	obl
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 raccoon	det
11	raccoon	raccoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 immerses	nsubj
12	immerses	immerse	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 behaviour	parataxis
13	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 food	nmod:poss
14	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 immerses	obj
15	in	in	ADP	_	16 water	case
16	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 immerses	obl
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal purpose of the behaviour			vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent purpose=Theme
2	immerse	present	a raccoon	raccoon's food	the behaviour	in water	vn put-9.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent food=Theme in which=Destination
3	purpose		the behaviour				nom purpose «cognition intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The sensitivity of the forepaws is thereby enhanced, permitting the food to be examined by touch

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 sensitivity	det
2	sensitivity	sensitivity	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 enhanced	nsubj:pass
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 forepaws	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 forepaws	det
5	forepaws	forepaw	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 sensitivity	nmod
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 enhanced	aux:pass
7	thereby	thereby	ADV	_	8 enhanced	advmod
8	enhanced	enhance	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 permitting	punct
10	permitting	permit	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	8 enhanced	advcl
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 food	det
12	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 permitting	obj
13	to	to	PART	_	15 examined	mark
14	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	15 examined	aux:pass
15	examined	examine	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 permitting	advcl
16	by	by	ADP	_	17 touch	case
17	touch	touch	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 examined	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	enhance	present · passive		the sensitivity of the forepaws	thereby property	vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient
2	permit	gerund		the food		vn admit-64.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Theme
3	examine	to-infinitive · passive	touch			vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 2

The prey is thereby drowned prior to consumption, so that it may no longer resist the raccoon

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 prey	det
2	prey	prey	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 drowned	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 drowned	aux:pass
4	thereby	thereby	ADV	_	5 drowned	advmod
5	drowned	drown	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	prior	prior	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	8 consumption	case
7	to	to	ADP	_	6 prior	fixed
8	consumption	consumption	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 drowned	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	16 resist	punct
10	so	so	SCONJ	ExtPos=SCONJ	16 resist	mark
11	that	that	SCONJ	_	10 so	fixed
12	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	16 resist	nsubj
13	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	16 resist	aux
14	no	no	ADV	_	15 longer	advmod
15	longer	long	ADV	Degree=Cmp	16 resist	advmod
16	resist	resist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 drowned	conj
17	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	18 raccoon	det
18	raccoon	raccoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 resist	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	drown	present · passive		the prey				prior consumption; thereby property	vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient
2	resist	may	prey	the raccoon				long property	tree rules

Option 3

The food is thereby cooled prior to consumption

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 food	det
2	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 cooled	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 cooled	aux:pass
4	thereby	thereby	ADV	_	5 cooled	advmod
5	cooled	cool	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	prior	prior	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	8 consumption	case
7	to	to	ADP	_	6 prior	fixed
8	consumption	consumption	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 cooled	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cool	present · passive		the food				prior consumption; thereby property	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient

Option 4

The food is thereby cleansed of harmful microorganisms

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 food	det
2	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 cleansed	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 cleansed	aux:pass
4	thereby	thereby	ADV	_	5 cleansed	advmod
5	cleansed	cleanse	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 microorganisms	case
7	harmful	harmful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 microorganisms	amod
8	microorganisms	microorganism	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 cleansed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	cleanse	present · passive		the food				of harmful microorganisms; thereby property	vn free-10.6.3 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Source of microorganism=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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