Exam question 2 · Echolocation: how bats see with sound

Identify the finding of Lazzaro Spallanzani in respect of bats flying amongst suspended threads.

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, bats · What happens: identify, fly, suspend, find, respect · To what, where: finding, respect, suspended threads, Lazzaro, bats

This is exam question 2 of lesson 229 «Echolocation: how bats see with sound» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 finding	det
3	finding	finding	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 Lazzaro	case
5	Lazzaro	Lazzaro	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 finding	nmod
6	Spallanzani	Spallanzani	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 Lazzaro	flat
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 respect	case
8	respect	respect	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obl
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 bats	case
10	bats	bat	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 respect	nmod
11	flying	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 bats	acl
12	amongst	amongst	ADP	_	14 threads	case
13	suspended	suspend	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	14 threads	amod
14	threads	thread	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 flying	obl
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the finding of Lazzaro	respect of bats	vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent finding=Theme
2	fly	gerund	bats not said here		suspended threads	vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme amongst thread=Location
3	suspend	participle				vn spatial_configuration-47.6 «NP V»: agent=Theme
4	find			Lazzaro		nom finding «act transitive»: of=patient
5	respect			bats		nom respect «cognition transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Bats avoided the threads by smell alone, irrespective of the condition of their eyes or ears

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bats	bat	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 avoided	nsubj
2	avoided	avoid	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 threads	det
4	threads	thread	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 avoided	obj
5	by	by	ADP	_	6 smell	case
6	smell	smell	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 avoided	obl
7	alone	alone	ADV	_	2 avoided	advmod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 condition	punct
9	irrespective	irrespective	ADV	_	12 condition	advmod
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 condition	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 condition	det
12	condition	condition	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 avoided	obl
13	of	of	ADP	_	15 eyes	case
14	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	15 eyes	nmod:poss
15	eyes	eye	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 condition	nmod
16	or	or	CCONJ	_	17 ears	cc
17	ears	ear	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 eyes	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	avoid	past	Bats	the threads				by smell; of the condition of Bats's eyes or ears; alone property	vn avoid-52 «NP V NP.location»: agent=Agent thread=Location
2	condition			Bats's eyes or ears					nom condition «state transitive»: of=patient

Option 2

Bats deprived of sight invariably collided with the threads

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bats	bat	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 deprived	nsubj
2	deprived	deprive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 sight	case
4	sight	sight	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 deprived	obl
5	invariably	invariably	ADV	_	6 collided	advmod
6	collided	collide	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 deprived	advcl
7	with	with	ADP	_	9 threads	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 threads	det
9	threads	thread	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 collided	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	deprive	past	Bats					of sight	vn deprive-10.6.2 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent of sight=Theme
2	collide	past	Bats not said here					with the threads; invariably property	vn battle-36.4 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with thread=Co-Agent

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Bats deprived of hearing collided with the threads, whereas those deprived of sight did not

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bats	bat	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 deprived	nsubj
2	deprived	deprive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 hearing	case
4	hearing	hearing	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 deprived	obl
5	collided	collide	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 hearing	acl
6	with	with	ADP	_	8 threads	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 threads	det
8	threads	thread	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 collided	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 deprived	punct
10	whereas	whereas	SCONJ	_	12 deprived	mark
11	those	that	PRON	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	12 deprived	nsubj:pass
12	deprived	deprive	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 deprived	conj
13	of	of	ADP	_	14 sight	case
14	sight	sight	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 deprived	obl
15	did	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	2 deprived	parataxis
16	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	15 did	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	deprive	past	Bats		of hearing	vn deprive-10.6.2 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent of hearing=Theme
2	collide	participle		hearing not said here	with the threads	vn battle-36.4 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with thread=Co-Agent
3	deprive	participle · passive		those	of sight	vn deprive-10.6.2 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Source of sight=Theme
4	not do	past				vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

Bats were incapable of flight in any enclosed room

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Bats	bat	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 incapable	nsubj
2	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	3 incapable	cop
3	incapable	incapable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 flight	case
5	flight	flight	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 incapable	obl
6	in	in	ADP	_	9 room	case
7	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	9 room	det
8	enclosed	enclose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 room	amod
9	room	room	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 flight	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	past	Bats					of flight in any enclosed room; incapable property	tree rules
2	enclose	participle							vn contiguous_location-47.8 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound/e2/