Exam question 3 · Echolocation: how bats see with sound

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the vampire bat.

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern · To what, where: response, vampire bat

This is exam question 3 of lesson 229 «Echolocation: how bats see with sound» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 bat	det
11	vampire	vampire	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 bat	compound
12	bat	bat	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the vampire bat		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus bat=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

It inhabits only the castles of Europe

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 inhabits	nsubj
2	inhabits	inhabit	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	only	only	ADV	_	5 castles	advmod
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 castles	det
5	castles	castle	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 inhabits	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 Europe	case
7	Europe	Europe	PROPN	Number=Sing	5 castles	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	inhabit	present	It	the castles of Europe					tree rules

Option 2

It is of great size and feeds principally upon human blood

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 size	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 size	cop
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 size	case
4	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 size	amod
5	size	size	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
6	and	and	CCONJ	_	7 feeds	cc
7	feeds	feed	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 size	conj
8	principally	principally	ADV	_	7 feeds	advmod
9	upon	upon	ADP	_	11 blood	case
10	human	human	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 blood	amod
11	blood	blood	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 feeds	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					of great size	tree rules
2	feed	present						upon human blood; principally property	vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

It feeds exclusively upon fruit, which it locates by means of its keen sense of smell at night

The tree, 18 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 feeds	nsubj
2	feeds	feed	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	2 feeds	advmod
4	upon	upon	ADP	_	5 fruit	case
5	fruit	fruit	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 feeds	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 locates	punct
7	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 locates	nsubj
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	9 locates	nsubj
9	locates	locate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 fruit	acl:relcl
10	by	by	ADP	_	11 means	case
11	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	2 feeds	parataxis
12	of	of	ADP	_	15 sense	case
13	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	15 sense	nmod:poss
14	keen	keen	ADJ	Degree=Pos	15 sense	amod
15	sense	sense	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 means	obl
16	of	of	ADP	_	17 smell	case
17	smell	smell	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 sense	nmod
18	at	at	ADP	_	19 night	case
19	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 feeds	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	feed	present	It		night	upon fruit; exclusively property	vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent
2	locate	present	fruit				tree rules
3	mean	present				of fruit's keen sense of smell	vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent
4	sense		fruit	smell			nom sense «cognition transitive»: poss=agent of=patient

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

It is small and feeds chiefly upon the blood of sleeping animals such as cattle and birds

The tree, 17 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 small	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 small	cop
3	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 feeds	cc
5	feeds	feed	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 small	conj
6	chiefly	chiefly	ADV	_	5 feeds	advmod
7	upon	upon	ADP	_	9 blood	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 blood	det
9	blood	blood	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 feeds	obl
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 animals	case
11	sleeping	sleep	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	12 animals	amod
12	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 blood	nmod
13	such	such	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	15 cattle	case
14	as	as	ADP	_	13 such	fixed
15	cattle	cattle	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 animals	nmod
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	17 birds	cc
17	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	15 cattle	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	is	present	It	small property	tree rules
2	feed	present		upon the blood of sleeping animals such cattle and birds; chiefly property	vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent
3	sleep	gerund			vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound/e3/