Exam question 4 · Echolocation: how bats see with sound

Ascertain the term by which the rapid succession of calls emitted by a bat immediately prior to the capture of an insect is designated.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: ascertain, emit, designate, capture · To what, where: term, calls, rapid succession, insect

This is exam question 4 of lesson 229 «Echolocation: how bats see with sound» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Ascertain	ascertain	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 term	det
3	term	term	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Ascertain	obj
4	by	by	ADP	_	5 which	case
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	24 designated	obl
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 succession	det
7	rapid	rapid	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 succession	amod
8	succession	succession	NOUN	Number=Sing	24 designated	nsubj:pass
9	of	of	ADP	_	10 calls	case
10	calls	call	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 succession	nmod
11	emitted	emit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 calls	acl
12	by	by	ADP	_	14 bat	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 bat	det
14	bat	bat	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 emitted	obl
15	immediately	immediately	ADV	_	11 emitted	advmod
16	prior	prior	ADJ	Degree=Pos ExtPos=ADP	19 capture	case
17	to	to	ADP	_	16 prior	fixed
18	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	19 capture	det
19	capture	capture	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 emitted	obl
20	of	of	ADP	_	22 insect	case
21	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	22 insect	det
22	insect	insect	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 capture	nmod
23	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	24 designated	aux:pass
24	designated	designate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Ascertain	parataxis
25	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Ascertain	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	ascertain	imperative	you not said here	the term		vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent term=Topic
2	emit	participle		calls not said here	by a bat; prior the capture of a insect; immediately property	vn substance_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source
3	designate	present · passive		the rapid succession of calls		vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme
4	capture			a insect		nom capture «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The birds' dawn chorus

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 birds	det
2	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 chorus	nmod:poss
3	'	's	PART	_	2 birds	case
4	dawn	dawn	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 chorus	compound
5	chorus	chorus	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	chorus		the birds						nom chorus «event transitive»: poss=agent

Option 2

The bee's waggle dance

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 bee	det
2	bee	bee	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 dance	nmod:poss
3	's	's	PART	_	2 bee	case
4	waggle	waggle	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 dance	compound
5	dance	dance	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	dance		the bee						nom dance «communication transitive»: poss=agent

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

The feeding buzz

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 buzz	det
2	feeding	feeding	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 buzz	compound
3	buzz	buzz	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 4

The signature whistle

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 whistle	det
2	signature	signature	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 whistle	compound
3	whistle	whistle	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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