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Test 1 · ★★ · Echolocation in the sea and in people: dolphins, whales, s…

In a cartoon a fish chats in a squeaky voice. What do real fish do?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: fish, real fish · What happens: chat, be, do · To what, where: cartoon

This is test 1 · ★★ of lesson 230 «Echolocation in the sea and in people: dolphins, whales, swiftlets and clicking humans» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In a cartoon a fish chats in a squeaky voice.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 cartoon	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 cartoon	det
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 chats	obl
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 fish	det
5	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 chats	nsubj
6	chats	chat	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	in	in	ADP	_	10 voice	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 voice	det
9	squeaky	squeaky	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 voice	amod
10	voice	voice	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 chats	obl
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 chats	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	chat speech: other	present	a fish			a cartoon		in a squeaky voice	vn chit_chat-37.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What do real fish do?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 What	cop
3	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 fish	amod
4	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 do	nsubj
5	do	do	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 What	acl:relcl
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present							tree rules
2	do	present	real fish						vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

They cannot talk, but many grunt, click or drum

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 talk	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 talk	aux
3	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	4 talk	advmod
4	talk	talk	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 click	punct
6	but	but	CCONJ	_	10 click	cc
7	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 grunt	amod
8	grunt	grunt	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 click	nsubj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 click	punct
10	click	click	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 talk	parataxis
11	or	or	CCONJ	_	12 drum	cc
12	drum	drum	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 talk	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not talk	can	They						vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent
2	click	infinitive	many grunt						vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	drum	infinitive	They not said here						vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent

Option 2

They stay silent all their lives

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 stay	nsubj
2	stay	stay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	silent	silent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 stay	xcomp
4	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	6 lives	det:predet
5	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 lives	nmod:poss
6	lives	life	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 stay	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stay	present	They	their lives				silent property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 3

They sing like birds

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 sing	nsubj
2	sing	sing	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	like	like	ADP	_	4 birds	case
4	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 sing	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sing speech: express	present	They					like birds	vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

They talk quietly to each other in real words, like us

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 talk	nsubj
2	talk	talk	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	quietly	quietly	ADV	_	2 talk	advmod
4	to	to	ADP	_	5 each	case
5	each	each	DET	ExtPos=PRON PronType=Rcp	2 talk	obl
6	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 each	fixed
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 words	case
8	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 words	amod
9	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 talk	obl
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 us	punct
11	like	like	ADP	_	12 us	case
12	us	we	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs	2 talk	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	talk	present	They			real words		to each; like us; quietly property	vn talk-37.5 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent to each=Co-Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans/t1/