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Test 10 · ★★ · Echolocation: how bats see with sound

Count them: 6 bats hang in a row from a branch. Each bat holds on with both feet. How many feet hold the branch, and how many wings are folded?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, 6 bats, bat, many feet · What happens: count, hang, hold on, hold, fold · To what, where: them, row, branch, many wings

This is test 10 · ★★ of lesson 229 «Echolocation: how bats see with sound» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Count them: 6 bats hang in a row from a branch.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Count	count	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	1 Count	obj
3	:	:	PUNCT	_	6 hang	punct
4	6	6	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 bats	nummod
5	bats	bat	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 hang	nsubj
6	hang	hang	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Count	parataxis
7	in	in	ADP	_	9 row	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 row	det
9	row	row	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 hang	obl
10	from	from	ADP	_	12 branch	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 branch	det
12	branch	branch	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 hang	obl
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Count	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	count	imperative	you not said here	them = they					vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme
2	hang	present	6 bats			a row		from a branch	vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in row=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: Each bat holds on with both feet.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Each	each	DET	PronType=Tot	2 bat	det
2	bat	bat	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 holds	nsubj
3	holds	hold	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	on	on	ADP	_	3 holds	compound:prt
5	with	with	ADP	_	7 feet	case
6	both	both	DET	PronType=Tot	7 feet	det
7	feet	foot	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 holds	obl
8	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 holds	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hold on	present	each bat					with both feet	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Sentence 3: How many feet hold the branch, and how many wings are folded?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	How	how	ADV	PronType=Int	2 many	advmod
2	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 feet	amod
3	feet	foot	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 hold	nsubj
4	hold	hold	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 branch	det
6	branch	branch	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 hold	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 folded	punct
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	13 folded	cc
9	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	10 many	advmod
10	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 wings	amod
11	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	13 folded	nsubj:pass
12	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	13 folded	aux:pass
13	folded	fold	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 hold	conj
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 hold	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hold	present	many feet	the branch					vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent branch=Theme
2	fold	present · passive		many wings					vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

6 feet and 6 wings

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	6	6	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	2 feet	nummod
2	feet	foot	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 wings	cc
4	6	6	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 wings	nummod
5	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 feet	conj

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 2

24 feet and 12 wings

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	24	24	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	2 feet	nummod
2	feet	foot	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 wings	cc
4	12	12	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 wings	nummod
5	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 feet	conj

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

12 feet and 12 wings

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	12	12	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	2 feet	nummod
2	feet	foot	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 wings	cc
4	12	12	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 wings	nummod
5	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 feet	conj

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 4

12 feet and 24 wings

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	12	12	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	2 feet	nummod
2	feet	foot	NOUN	Number=Plur	root	root
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 wings	cc
4	24	24	NUM	NumForm=Digit NumType=Card	5 wings	nummod
5	wings	wing	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 feet	conj

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound/t10/