Test 2 · ★★ · Echolocation: how bats see with sound
A cartoon vampire turns into a big bat and bites people's necks. What is the real vampire bat like?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: cartoon vampire, real vampire bat · What happens: turn, bite, be · To what, where: big bat, necks
This is test 2 · ★★ of lesson 229 «Echolocation: how bats see with sound» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: A cartoon vampire turns into a big bat and bites people's necks.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 vampire | det |
| 2 | cartoon | cartoon | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 vampire | compound |
| 3 | vampire | vampire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 turns | nsubj |
| 4 | turns | turn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | into | into | ADP | _ | 8 bat | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 bat | det |
| 7 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 bat | amod |
| 8 | bat | bat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 turns | obl |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 bites | cc |
| 10 | bites | bite | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 turns | conj |
| 11 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 13 necks | nmod:poss |
| 12 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 11 people | case |
| 13 | necks | neck | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 bites | obj |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 turns | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | turn | present | a cartoon vampire | a big bat | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme into bat=Trajectory | ||||
| 2 | bite | present | a cartoon vampire not said here | people's necks | vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent neck=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: What is the real vampire bat like?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | root | root |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 What | cop |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 bat | det |
| 4 | real | real | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 bat | amod |
| 5 | vampire | vampire | NOUN | Number=Sing | 6 bat | compound |
| 6 | bat | bat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 What | nsubj |
| 7 | like | like | ADP | _ | 6 bat | nmod |
| 8 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 1 What | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | present | the real vampire bat | tree rules |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
It lives only in old castles in Transylvania and nowhere else
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 lives | nsubj |
| 2 | lives | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | only | only | ADV | _ | 6 castles | advmod |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 castles | case |
| 5 | old | old | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 castles | amod |
| 6 | castles | castle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 lives | obl |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 Transylvania | case |
| 8 | Transylvania | Transylvania | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 castles | nmod |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 nowhere | cc |
| 10 | nowhere | nowhere | ADV | PronType=Neg | 2 lives | conj |
| 11 | else | else | ADV | _ | 10 nowhere | advmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | live | present | It | old castles in Transylvania | vn lodge-46 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in castle=Location |
Option 2
Huge, and drinks people's blood every night
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Huge | huge | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 drinks | amod |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 drinks | punct |
| 3 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 4 drinks | cc |
| 4 | drinks | drink | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 blood | nmod:poss |
| 6 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 5 people | case |
| 7 | blood | blood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 drinks | obj |
| 8 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 9 night | det |
| 9 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 drinks | obl:unmarked |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | drink | present | people's blood | night | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent blood=Patient |
Option 3
It eats garlic
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 eats | nsubj |
| 2 | eats | eat | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | garlic | garlic | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 eats | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | eat | present | It | garlic | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent garlic=Patient |
Option 4 · ✓ the right answer
Tiny, and mostly drinks a little blood from sleeping animals
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Tiny | tiny | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 drinks | amod |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 drinks | punct |
| 3 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 drinks | cc |
| 4 | mostly | mostly | ADV | _ | 5 drinks | advmod |
| 5 | drinks | drink | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 blood | det |
| 7 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 blood | amod |
| 8 | blood | blood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 drinks | obj |
| 9 | from | from | ADP | _ | 11 animals | case |
| 10 | sleeping | sleep | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 11 animals | amod |
| 11 | animals | animal | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 blood | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | drink | present | a little blood | from sleeping animals; mostly property | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent blood=Patient | ||||
| 2 | sleep | gerund | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound/t2/