Test 8 · ★★ · Echolocation: how bats see with sound
The flying bats from Bracken Cave show up on weather radar. What does the radar seem to see?
Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: flying bats, radar · What happens: fly, show up, seem, see · To what, where: weather radar
This is test 8 · ★★ of lesson 229 «Echolocation: how bats see with sound» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
Sentence 1: The flying bats from Bracken Cave show up on weather radar.
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 bats | det |
| 2 | flying | fly | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 3 bats | amod |
| 3 | bats | bat | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 show | nsubj |
| 4 | from | from | ADP | _ | 6 Cave | case |
| 5 | Bracken | Bracken | PROPN | Number=Sing | 6 Cave | compound |
| 6 | Cave | Cave | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 bats | nmod |
| 7 | show | show | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | up | up | ADP | _ | 7 show | compound:prt |
| 9 | on | on | ADP | _ | 11 radar | case |
| 10 | weather | weather | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 radar | compound |
| 11 | radar | radar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 show | obl |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 show | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fly | gerund | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 2 | show up | present | the flying bats from Bracken Cave | weather radar | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on radar=Location |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Sentence 2: What does the radar seem to see?
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Int | root | root |
| 2 | does | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 seem | aux |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 radar | det |
| 4 | radar | radar | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 seem | nsubj |
| 5 | seem | seem | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 1 What | acl:relcl |
| 6 | to | to | PART | _ | 7 see | mark |
| 7 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 seem | xcomp |
| 8 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 1 What | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | seem | present · do-support | the radar | vn seem-109-1-1-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Theme clause=Attribute | |||||
| 2 | see | to-infinitive | the radar not said here | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
The options
Option 1 · ← Mova's choice
A big aeroplane flying very low
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 aeroplane | det |
| 2 | big | big | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 aeroplane | amod |
| 3 | aeroplane | aeroplane | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | flying | fly | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 3 aeroplane | acl |
| 5 | very | very | ADV | _ | 6 low | advmod |
| 6 | low | low | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 flying | xcomp |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fly | gerund | a big aeroplane not said here | low property | vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
Option 2
Snow falling softly from the sky
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Snow | snow | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 2 | falling | fall | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 1 Snow | acl |
| 3 | softly | softly | ADV | _ | 2 falling | advmod |
| 4 | from | from | ADP | _ | 6 sky | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 sky | det |
| 6 | sky | sky | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 falling | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | fall | gerund | Snow not said here | the sky | softly property | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from sky=Initial_Location |
Option 3 · ✓ the right answer
Something like a rain cloud
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Something | something | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Ind | root | root |
| 2 | like | like | ADP | _ | 5 cloud | case |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 cloud | det |
| 4 | rain | rain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 cloud | compound |
| 5 | cloud | cloud | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Something | nmod |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Option 4
Nothing at all on the screen
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nothing | nothing | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Neg | root | root |
| 2 | at | at | ADP | _ | 3 all | case |
| 3 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 1 Nothing | nmod |
| 4 | on | on | ADP | _ | 6 screen | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 screen | det |
| 6 | screen | screen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 all | nmod |
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/229-echolocation-how-bats-see-with-sound/t8/