Exam question 3 · Echolocation in the sea and in people: dolphins, whales, s…

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning human echolocation.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern · To what, where: response, human echolocation

This is exam question 3 of lesson 230 «Echolocation in the sea and in people: dolphins, whales, swiftlets and clicking humans» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	human	human	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 echolocation	amod
11	echolocation	echolocation	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	human echolocation		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus echolocation=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

No human being is capable of perceiving echoes

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	No	no	DET	PronType=Neg	5 capable	det
2	human	human	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 capable	amod
3	being	be	AUX	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 capable	cop
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 capable	cop
5	capable	capable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
6	of	of	SCONJ	_	7 perceiving	mark
7	perceiving	perceive	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	5 capable	advcl
8	echoes	echo	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 perceiving	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	gerund						capable property	tree rules
2	perceive	gerund		echoes					vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer echo=Stimulus

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

Certain blind persons perceive their surroundings by means of tongue clicks and their echoes

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Certain	certain	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 persons	amod
2	blind	blind	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 persons	amod
3	persons	person	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 perceive	nsubj
4	perceive	perceive	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 surroundings	nmod:poss
6	surroundings	surroundings	NOUN	Number=Ptan	4 perceive	obj
7	by	by	ADP	_	8 means	case
8	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 perceive	parataxis
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 clicks	case
10	tongue	tongue	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 clicks	compound
11	clicks	click	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 means	obl
12	and	and	CCONJ	_	14 echoes	cc
13	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 echoes	nmod:poss
14	echoes	echo	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 clicks	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	perceive	present	Certain blind persons	persons's surroundings					vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer surroundings=Stimulus
2	mean	present						of tongue clicks and persons's echoes	vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent

Option 3

It is possible only beneath the surface of water

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 possible	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 possible	cop
3	possible	possible	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	only	only	ADV	_	7 surface	advmod
5	beneath	beneath	ADP	_	7 surface	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 surface	det
7	surface	surface	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 possible	obl
8	of	of	ADP	_	9 water	case
9	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 surface	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It					beneath the surface of water; possible property	tree rules

Option 4

Human echolocation requires an implanted device

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Human	human	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 echolocation	amod
2	echolocation	echolocation	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 requires	nsubj
3	requires	require	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 device	det
5	implanted	implant	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	6 device	amod
6	device	device	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 requires	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	require	present	Human echolocation	a implanted device					vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme device=Precondition
2	implant	participle							vn put-9.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans/e3/