Exam question 2 · Echolocation in the sea and in people: dolphins, whales, s…

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the capacity for echolocation amongst whales?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: capacity

This is exam question 2 of lesson 230 «Echolocation in the sea and in people: dolphins, whales, swiftlets and clicking humans» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 capacity	det
10	capacity	capacity	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	for	for	ADP	_	12 echolocation	case
12	echolocation	echolocation	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 capacity	nmod
13	amongst	amongst	ADP	_	14 whales	case
14	whales	whale	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 echolocation	nmod
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the capacity				of the following statements; for echolocation amongst whales; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It is possessed by toothed whales but apparently not by baleen whales

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 possessed	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 possessed	aux:pass
3	possessed	possess	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	6 whales	case
5	toothed	toothed	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 whales	amod
6	whales	whale	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 possessed	obl
7	but	but	CCONJ	_	12 whales	cc
8	apparently	apparently	ADV	_	12 whales	advmod
9	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	12 whales	advmod
10	by	by	ADP	_	12 whales	case
11	baleen	baleen	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 whales	compound
12	whales	whale	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 whales	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	present · passive	toothed whales but baleen whales	It					vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot subject=Theme

Option 2

It is possessed by baleen whales alone

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 possessed	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 possessed	aux:pass
3	possessed	possess	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	6 whales	case
5	baleen	baleen	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 whales	compound
6	whales	whale	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 possessed	obl
7	alone	alone	ADV	_	3 possessed	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	present · passive	baleen whales	It				alone property	vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot subject=Theme

Option 3

It is possessed by no whale whatsoever

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 possessed	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 possessed	aux:pass
3	possessed	possess	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	6 whale	case
5	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	6 whale	det
6	whale	whale	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 possessed	obl
7	whatsoever	whatsoever	ADV	_	3 possessed	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	present · passive	no whale	It				whatsoever property	vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot subject=Theme

Option 4

It is possessed by all whales without exception

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 possessed	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 possessed	aux:pass
3	possessed	possess	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	by	by	ADP	_	6 whales	case
5	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	6 whales	det
6	whales	whale	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 possessed	obl
7	without	without	ADP	_	8 exception	case
8	exception	exception	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 possessed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	possess	present · passive	all whales	It				without exception	vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot subject=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/230-echolocation-in-the-sea-and-in-people-dolphins-whales-swiftlets-and-clicking-humans/e2/