Exam question 3 · Animal minds: clever crows, ravens, jays and parrots

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the behaviour of jays in respect of stored food?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris, store, respect · To what, where: behaviour, stored food

This is exam question 3 of lesson 233 «Animal minds: clever crows, ravens, jays and parrots» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 behaviour	det
10	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 jays	case
12	jays	jay	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 behaviour	nmod
13	in	in	ADP	_	14 respect	case
14	respect	respect	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 jays	nmod
15	of	of	ADP	_	17 food	case
16	stored	store	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	17 food	amod
17	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 respect	nmod
18	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the behaviour of jays in respect of stored food	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	store	participle			vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
4	respect		stored food		nom respect «cognition transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

They recover most of their caches months later and re-hide food when observed

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 recover	nsubj
2	recover	recover	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	most	most	ADJ	Degree=Sup	2 recover	obj
4	of	of	ADP	_	6 caches	case
5	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 caches	nmod:poss
6	caches	cache	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 most	nmod
7	months	month	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 later	obl:unmarked
8	later	late	ADV	Degree=Cmp	2 recover	advmod
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 food	cc
10	re-hide	re-hide	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 food	amod
11	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 later	conj
12	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	13 observed	advmod
13	observed	observe	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	2 recover	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	recover	present	They	most of their caches				late property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent most=Theme
2	observe	participle	They not said here						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent

Option 2

They consume all food immediately upon finding it, storing none whatsoever for the winter

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 consume	nsubj
2	consume	consume	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	4 food	det
4	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 consume	obj
5	immediately	immediately	ADV	_	2 consume	advmod
6	upon	upon	SCONJ	_	7 finding	mark
7	finding	find	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	2 consume	advcl
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	7 finding	obj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 storing	punct
10	storing	store	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	7 finding	conj
11	none	none	PRON	PronType=Neg	10 storing	obj
12	whatsoever	whatsoever	ADV	_	10 storing	advmod
13	for	for	ADP	_	15 winter	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	15 winter	det
15	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 storing	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	when	other	roles by
1	consume	present	They	all food		immediately property	vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent food=Asset
2	find	gerund	They not said here	food			vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Topic
3	store	gerund	They not said here	none	winter	whatsoever property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent none=Theme

Option 3

They store food only in their own nests

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 store	nsubj
2	store	store	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 store	obj
4	only	only	ADV	_	8 nests	advmod
5	in	in	ADP	_	8 nests	case
6	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	8 nests	nmod:poss
7	own	own	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 nests	amod
8	nests	nest	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 store	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	store	present	They	food		their own nests			vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent food=Theme in nest=Location

Option 4

They are incapable of recalling any cache

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 incapable	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 incapable	cop
3	incapable	incapable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	of	of	SCONJ	_	5 recalling	mark
5	recalling	recall	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 incapable	advcl
6	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	7 cache	det
7	cache	cache	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 recalling	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	They					incapable property	tree rules
2	recall	gerund	They not said here	any cache					vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cache=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/233-animal-minds-clever-crows-ravens-jays-and-parrots/e3/