Exam question 2 · Animal minds: clever crows, ravens, jays and parrots

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the recognition of human faces by crows.

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern, recognize · To what, where: response, recognition, human faces

This is exam question 2 of lesson 233 «Animal minds: clever crows, ravens, jays and parrots» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 recognition	det
11	recognition	recognition	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 faces	case
13	human	human	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 faces	amod
14	faces	face	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 recognition	nmod
15	by	by	ADP	_	16 crows	case
16	crows	crow	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 concerning	obl
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the recognition of human faces	by crows	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus recognition=Experiencer
4	recognize			human faces		nom recognition «state transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Crows recognise only the faces of children

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Crows	crow	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 recognise	nsubj
2	recognise	recognise	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	only	only	ADV	_	5 faces	advmod
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 faces	det
5	faces	face	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 recognise	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 children	case
7	children	child	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 faces	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	recognise	present	Crows	the faces of children					vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer face=Stimulus

Option 2

Crows recall faces for no longer than a single day

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Crows	crow	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 recall	nsubj
2	recall	recall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	faces	face	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 recall	obj
4	for	for	ADP	_	6 longer	case
5	no	no	ADV	_	6 longer	advmod
6	longer	long	ADV	Degree=Cmp	2 recall	advmod
7	than	than	ADP	_	10 day	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 day	det
9	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 day	amod
10	day	day	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 longer	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	recall	present	Crows	faces				long property	vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent face=Theme

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Crows recall dangerous faces for years and communicate this to other crows

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Crows	crow	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 recall	nsubj
2	recall	recall	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	dangerous	dangerous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 faces	amod
4	faces	face	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 recall	obj
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 years	case
6	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 recall	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 communicate	cc
8	communicate	communicate	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 recall	conj
9	this	this	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Dem	8 communicate	obj
10	to	to	ADP	_	12 crows	case
11	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 crows	amod
12	crows	crow	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 communicate	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	recall	present	Crows	dangerous faces			year		vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent face=Theme
2	communicate	infinitive	Crows not said here	this	other crows				vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent this=Topic to crow=Recipient

Option 4

Crows are incapable of distinguishing one human face from another

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Crows	crow	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 incapable	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 incapable	cop
3	incapable	incapable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	of	of	SCONJ	_	5 distinguishing	mark
5	distinguishing	distinguish	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 incapable	advcl
6	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	8 face	nummod
7	human	human	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 face	amod
8	face	face	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 distinguishing	obj
9	from	from	ADP	_	10 another	case
10	another	another	DET	PronType=Ind	5 distinguishing	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Crows					incapable property	tree rules
2	distinguish	gerund	Crows not said here	one human face				from another	vn distinguish-23.5-1 «NP V NP.theme PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent face=Theme from another=Co-Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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