Exam question 1 · Animal minds: clever crows, ravens, jays and parrots

Identify the behaviour exhibited by the New Caledonian crow designated Betty in the course of experimental observation.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, New Caledonian crow · What happens: identify, exhibit, designate · To what, where: behaviour, Betty, course

This is exam question 1 of lesson 233 «Animal minds: clever crows, ravens, jays and parrots» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 behaviour	det
3	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
4	exhibited	exhibit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 behaviour	acl
5	by	by	ADP	_	9 crow	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 crow	det
7	New	new	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 crow	amod
8	Caledonian	caledonian	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 crow	amod
9	crow	crow	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 exhibited	obl
10	designated	designate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 crow	acl
11	Betty	Betty	PROPN	Number=Sing	10 designated	obj
12	in	in	ADP	_	14 course	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 course	det
14	course	course	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 designated	obl
15	of	of	ADP	_	17 observation	case
16	experimental	experimental	ADJ	Degree=Pos	17 observation	amod
17	observation	observation	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 course	nmod
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the behaviour			vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent behaviour=Theme
2	exhibit	participle		the behaviour not said here		by the New Caledonian crow	vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	designate	participle	the New Caledonian crow not said here	Betty	the course of experimental observation		vn appoint-29.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent betty=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The counting of objects up to six

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 counting	det
2	counting	counting	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 objects	nmod:poss
3	of	of	ADP	_	2 counting	case
4	objects	object	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	up	up	ADP	_	4 objects	compound:prt
6	to	to	ADP	_	7 six	case
7	six	six	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 objects	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	object up speech: other	present			six				vn complain-37.8 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to six=Recipient

Option 2

The recitation of words of human speech

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 recitation	det
2	recitation	recitation	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 words	case
4	words	word	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 recitation	nmod
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 speech	case
6	human	human	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 speech	amod
7	speech	speech	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 words	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	recite			words of human speech					nom recitation «communication transitive»: of=patient
2	word			human speech					nom word «communication transitive»: of=patient

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

The bending of a straight wire into a hook for the retrieval of food

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 bending	det
2	bending	bending	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	6 wire	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 wire	det
5	straight	straight	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 wire	amod
6	wire	wire	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 bending	nmod
7	into	into	ADP	_	9 hook	case
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 hook	det
9	hook	hook	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 bending	nmod
10	for	for	ADP	_	12 retrieval	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 retrieval	det
12	retrieval	retrieval	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 hook	nmod
13	of	of	ADP	_	14 food	case
14	food	food	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 retrieval	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	retrieve			food					nom retrieval «process transitive»: of=patient

Option 4

The construction of a nest from wire supplied by the experimenters

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 construction	det
2	construction	construction	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 supplied	nsubj:pass
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 nest	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 nest	det
5	nest	nest	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 construction	nmod
6	from	from	ADP	_	7 wire	case
7	wire	wire	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 nest	nmod
8	supplied	supply	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
9	by	by	ADP	_	11 experimenters	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 experimenters	det
11	experimenters	experimenter	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 supplied	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	supply	participle · passive	the experimenters	the construction of a nest from wire					vn fulfilling-13.4.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Recipient
2	construct			a nest from wire					nom construction «act transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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