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Test 11 · ★★ · Animal minds: clever crows, ravens, jays and parrots

A crow and a man see the same cracked nut on a crossing. The light turns red for cars. What will a clever crow do?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: crow, light, clever crow · What happens: see, crack, turn, do · To what, where: same cracked nut, crossing

This is test 11 · ★★ of lesson 233 «Animal minds: clever crows, ravens, jays and parrots» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A crow and a man see the same cracked nut on a crossing.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 crow	det
2	crow	crow	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 see	nsubj
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	5 man	cc
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 man	det
5	man	man	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 crow	conj
6	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 nut	det
8	same	same	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 nut	amod
9	cracked	crack	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	10 nut	amod
10	nut	nut	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 see	obj
11	on	on	ADP	_	13 crossing	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 crossing	det
13	crossing	crossing	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 nut	nmod
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 see	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	see	infinitive	a crow and a man	the same cracked nut		a crossing			vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer nut=Stimulus
2	crack	participle							vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: The light turns red for cars.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 light	det
2	light	light	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 turns	nsubj
3	turns	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	red	red	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 turns	xcomp
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 cars	case
6	cars	car	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 red	obl
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 turns	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	turn	present	the light					red property	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme

Sentence 3: What will a clever crow do?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	6 do	obj
2	will	will	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	6 do	aux
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 crow	det
4	clever	clever	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 crow	amod
5	crow	crow	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 do	nsubj
6	do	do	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
7	?	?	PUNCT	_	6 do	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	do	future	a clever crow						vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality

The options

Option 1

Leave the nut for the man

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Leave	leave	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 nut	det
3	nut	nut	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Leave	obj
4	for	for	ADP	_	6 man	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 man	det
6	man	man	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Leave	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	leave	imperative	you not said here	the nut				for the man	vn fulfilling-13.4.1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent nut=Theme for man=Recipient

Option 2

Fly at the cars

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Fly	fly	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	at	at	ADP	_	4 cars	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 cars	det
4	cars	car	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Fly	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	fly	imperative	you not said here			the cars			vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme at car=Location

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Hop down and take the nut while the cars are stopped

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Hop	hop	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	down	down	ADV	_	1 Hop	advmod
3	and	and	CCONJ	_	4 take	cc
4	take	take	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	1 Hop	conj
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 nut	det
6	nut	nut	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 take	obj
7	while	while	SCONJ	_	11 stopped	mark
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 cars	det
9	cars	car	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 stopped	nsubj
10	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 stopped	aux:pass
11	stopped	stop	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 take	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	hop down	imperative	you not said here					down property	vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	take	infinitive	you not said here	the nut					vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nut=Theme
3	stop	present · passive		the cars					vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: subject=Eventuality

Option 4

Wait until the cars start moving again and then fly in

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Wait	wait	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
2	until	until	SCONJ	_	5 start	mark
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 cars	det
4	cars	car	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 start	nsubj
5	start	start	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 Wait	advcl
6	moving	move	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 start	xcomp
7	again	again	ADV	_	6 moving	advmod
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 fly	cc
9	then	then	ADV	PronType=Dem	10 fly	advmod
10	fly	fly	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Wait	conj
11	in	in	ADV	_	10 fly	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	wait	imperative	you not said here						vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	start	present	the cars						vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality
3	move	gerund	the cars not said here				again		vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme
4	fly in	infinitive	you not said here				then		vn spatial_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/233-animal-minds-clever-crows-ravens-jays-and-parrots/t11/