Test 2 · ★★ · Animal minds: clever crows, ravens, jays and parrots

Aesop's fable says a thirsty crow dropped stones into a jug. When scientists tested it with real birds, what happened?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: fable, thirsty crow, scientists, real birds · What happens: say, drop, test, happen · To what, where: stones, jug, crow · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 2 · ★★ of lesson 233 «Animal minds: clever crows, ravens, jays and parrots» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: Aesop's fable says a thirsty crow dropped stones into a jug.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Aesop	Aesop	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 fable	nmod:poss
2	's	's	PART	_	1 Aesop	case
3	fable	fable	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 says	nsubj
4	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 crow	det
6	thirsty	thirsty	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 crow	amod
7	crow	crow	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 dropped	nsubj
8	dropped	drop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 says	ccomp
9	stones	stone	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 dropped	obj
10	into	into	ADP	_	12 jug	case
11	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 jug	det
12	jug	jug	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 dropped	obl
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	Aesop's fable						vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	drop	past	a thirsty crow	stones		a jug			vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent stone=Theme into jug=Destination

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: When scientists tested it with real birds, what happened?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	When	when	ADV	PronType=Int	3 tested	advmod
2	scientists	scientist	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 tested	nsubj
3	tested	test	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 tested	obj
5	with	with	ADP	_	7 birds	case
6	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 birds	amod
7	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 tested	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 happened	punct
9	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	10 happened	nsubj
10	happened	happen	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	7 birds	acl:relcl
11	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 tested	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	test	past	scientists	crow				with real birds	vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme
2	happen	past	real birds						vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

The birds dropped stones to raise the water, choosing sinking ones

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 birds	det
2	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 dropped	nsubj
3	dropped	drop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	stones	stone	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 dropped	obj
5	to	to	PART	_	6 raise	mark
6	raise	raise	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 dropped	advcl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 water	det
8	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 raise	obj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	10 choosing	punct
10	choosing	choose	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	3 dropped	advcl
11	sinking	sink	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	12 ones	amod
12	ones	one	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 choosing	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	roles by
1	drop	past	the birds	stones	vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent stone=Theme
2	raise	to-infinitive	the birds not said here	the water	vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme
3	choose	gerund	the birds not said here	sinking ones	vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Theme
4	sink	gerund			vn other_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient

Option 2

The birds broke the jug

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 birds	det
2	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 broke	nsubj
3	broke	break	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 jug	det
5	jug	jug	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 broke	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	break	past	the birds	the jug					vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer jug=Patient

Option 3

The birds dropped only floating corks, because corks are lighter to carry

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 birds	det
2	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 dropped	nsubj
3	dropped	drop	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	only	only	ADV	_	5 floating	advmod
5	floating	float	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	6 corks	amod
6	corks	cork	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 dropped	obj
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 lighter	punct
8	because	because	SCONJ	_	11 lighter	mark
9	corks	cork	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 lighter	nsubj
10	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 lighter	cop
11	lighter	light	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	3 dropped	parataxis
12	to	to	PART	_	13 carry	mark
13	carry	carry	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	11 lighter	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	drop	past	the birds	floating corks		vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cork=Theme
2	float	gerund				vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3	is	present	corks		light property	tree rules
4	carry	to-infinitive	corks not said here			vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

Option 4

The birds gave up at once

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 birds	det
2	birds	bird	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 gave	nsubj
3	gave	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	up	up	ADP	_	3 gave	compound:prt
5	at	at	ADP	_	6 once	case
6	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	3 gave	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	give up	past	the birds						vn resign-10.11-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/233-animal-minds-clever-crows-ravens-jays-and-parrots/t2/