Exam question 4 · Animal minds: the octopus, escape artist and puzzle solver

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the upbringing of young octopuses.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern · To what, where: response, upbringing

This is exam question 4 of lesson 234 «Animal minds: the octopus, escape artist and puzzle solver» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 upbringing	det
11	upbringing	upbringing	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 octopuses	case
13	young	young	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 octopuses	amod
14	octopuses	octopus	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 upbringing	nmod
15	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the upbringing of young octopuses		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus upbringing=Experiencer

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The young remain within the eggs for the whole of their lives

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 young	det
2	young	young	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 remain	nsubj
3	remain	remain	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	within	within	ADP	_	6 eggs	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 eggs	det
6	eggs	egg	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 remain	obl
7	for	for	ADP	_	9 whole	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 whole	det
9	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 remain	xcomp
10	of	of	ADP	_	12 lives	case
11	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	12 lives	nmod:poss
12	lives	life	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 whole	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	remain	present	the young					within the eggs; whole property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

The young never encounter their parents and must learn without instruction

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 young	det
2	young	young	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 encounter	nsubj
3	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	4 encounter	advmod
4	encounter	encounter	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	6 parents	nmod:poss
6	parents	parent	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 encounter	obj
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 learn	cc
8	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	9 learn	aux
9	learn	learn	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 encounter	conj
10	without	without	ADP	_	11 instruction	case
11	instruction	instruction	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 learn	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not encounter	present	the young	young's parents					vn encounter-30.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer parent=Stimulus
2	learn	must	the young not said here					without instruction	vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3

The young are instructed by their mother for several years

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 young	det
2	young	young	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 instructed	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 instructed	aux:pass
4	instructed	instruct	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 mother	case
6	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 mother	nmod:poss
7	mother	mother	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 instructed	obl
8	for	for	ADP	_	10 years	case
9	several	several	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 years	amod
10	years	year	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 instructed	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	instruct speech: other	present · passive	young's mother	the young			year		vn advise-37.9-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent subject=Recipient

Option 4

The young are reared by their father

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 young	det
2	young	young	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 reared	nsubj:pass
3	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 reared	aux:pass
4	reared	rear	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 father	case
6	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 father	nmod:poss
7	father	father	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 reared	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	rear	present · passive	young's father	the young					vn rear-26.2.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/234-animal-minds-the-octopus-escape-artist-and-puzzle-solver/e4/