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Test 1 · ★★ · Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca grandmothers and whale…

In a cartoon a dolphin rescues a drowning boy and gives him a ride home. What is the real picture?

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: dolphin, real picture · What happens: rescue, drown, give, be · To what, where: drowning boy, cartoon, ride, boy

This is test 1 · ★★ of lesson 235 «Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca grandmothers and whale songs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In a cartoon a dolphin rescues a drowning boy and gives him a ride home.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 cartoon	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 cartoon	det
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 rescues	obl
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 dolphin	det
5	dolphin	dolphin	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 rescues	nsubj
6	rescues	rescue	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 boy	det
8	drowning	drown	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	9 boy	amod
9	boy	boy	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 rescues	obj
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 gives	cc
11	gives	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 rescues	conj
12	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 gives	iobj
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 ride	det
14	ride	ride	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 gives	obj
15	home	home	ADV	_	11 gives	advmod
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 rescues	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	rescue	present	a dolphin	a drowning boy		a cartoon			vn steal-10.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent boy=Theme
2	drown	gerund							vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent
3	give	present	a dolphin not said here	a ride	boy			home property	vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent he=Recipient ride=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is the real picture?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	root	root
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	1 What	cop
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 picture	det
4	real	real	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 picture	amod
5	picture	picture	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 What	nsubj
6	?	?	PUNCT	_	1 What	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is a	present	the real picture						tree rules

The options

Option 1

Dolphins always save every swimmer

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dolphins	dolphin	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 save	nsubj
2	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	3 save	advmod
3	save	save	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	5 swimmer	det
5	swimmer	swimmer	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 save	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	save	present	Dolphins	every swimmer				always property	vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent swimmer=Theme

Option 2

Dolphins never come near people

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dolphins	dolphin	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 come	nsubj
2	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	3 come	advmod
3	come	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	near	near	ADP	_	5 people	case
5	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 come	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not come	present	Dolphins					near people	vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme near people=Location

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

Dolphins have stayed near swimmers in danger, but they are wild and can be rough

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dolphins	dolphin	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 stayed	nsubj
2	have	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 stayed	aux
3	stayed	stay	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	near	near	ADP	_	5 swimmers	case
5	swimmers	swimmer	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 stayed	obl
6	in	in	ADP	_	7 danger	case
7	danger	danger	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 stayed	obl
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 wild	punct
9	but	but	CCONJ	_	12 wild	cc
10	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 wild	nsubj
11	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	12 wild	cop
12	wild	wild	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 stayed	conj
13	and	and	CCONJ	_	16 rough	cc
14	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	16 rough	aux
15	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	16 rough	cop
16	rough	rough	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 wild	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stay	present · perfect	Dolphins			swimmers		in danger	vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme near swimmer=Location
2	is	present	Dolphins = dolphin					wild property	tree rules
3	is	can	Dolphins = dolphin not said here					rough property	tree rules

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

Dolphins carry people about as pets and take them home whenever they get tired of swimming

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Dolphins	dolphin	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 carry	nsubj
2	carry	carry	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 carry	obj
4	about	about	ADV	_	2 carry	advmod
5	as	as	ADP	_	6 pets	case
6	pets	pet	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 carry	obl
7	and	and	CCONJ	_	8 take	cc
8	take	take	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 carry	conj
9	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	8 take	obj
10	home	home	ADV	_	8 take	advmod
11	whenever	whenever	ADV	PronType=Rel	13 get	advmod
12	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	13 get	nsubj
13	get	get	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	8 take	advcl
14	tired	tired	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 get	xcomp
15	of	of	ADP	_	16 swimming	case
16	swimming	swimming	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 tired	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	carry	present	Dolphins	people				as pets; about property	vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Theme
2	take	infinitive	Dolphins not said here	people				home property	vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme
3	get	present	Dolphins = dolphin					tired, whenever property	vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs/t1/