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Test 5 · ★★ · Animal minds: the octopus, escape artist and puzzle solver

A diver sees a pile of coconut shells walk across the sand. What is happening?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: diver, coconut shells · What happens: see, walk, happen · To what, where: pile, sand

This is test 5 · ★★ of lesson 234 «Animal minds: the octopus, escape artist and puzzle solver» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A diver sees a pile of coconut shells walk across the sand.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 diver	det
2	diver	diver	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sees	nsubj
3	sees	see	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 pile	det
5	pile	pile	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 sees	obj
6	of	of	ADP	_	8 shells	case
7	coconut	coconut	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 shells	compound
8	shells	shell	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 walk	nsubj
9	walk	walk	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 pile	acl:relcl
10	across	across	ADP	_	12 sand	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 sand	det
12	sand	sand	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 walk	obl
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 sees	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	see	present	a diver	a pile					vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer pile=Stimulus
2	walk	present	coconut shells	a pile not said here		the sand			vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent pile=Theme across sand=Trajectory

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is happening?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 happening	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 happening	aux
3	happening	happen	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 happening	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	happen	present · progressive							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

The options

Option 1

The tide is rolling them along the sand

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 tide	det
2	tide	tide	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 rolling	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 rolling	aux
4	rolling	roll	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 rolling	obj
6	along	along	ADP	_	8 sand	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 sand	det
8	sand	sand	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 rolling	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	roll	present · progressive	the tide	them = they		the sand			vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent they=Theme along sand=Trajectory

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

Fish are pushing them along the sea floor

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 pushing	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 pushing	aux
3	pushing	push	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 pushing	obj
5	along	along	ADP	_	8 floor	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 floor	det
7	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 floor	compound
8	floor	floor	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 pushing	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	push	present · progressive	Fish	them = they		the sea floor			vn funnel-9.3-1-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent they=Theme along floor=Trajectory

Option 3

A whole crab family is moving house

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 family	det
2	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 family	amod
3	crab	crab	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 family	compound
4	family	family	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 moving	nsubj
5	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 moving	aux
6	moving	move	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
7	house	house	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 moving	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	move	present · progressive	a whole crab family	house					vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent house=Theme

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

A veined octopus is carrying them

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 octopus	det
2	veined	vein	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 octopus	amod
3	octopus	octopus	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 carrying	nsubj
4	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 carrying	aux
5	carrying	carry	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
6	them	they	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	5 carrying	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	vein	participle							vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme
2	carry	present · progressive	a veined octopus	them = they					vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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