Exam question 3 · Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca grandmothers and whale…

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the use of sponges by dolphins in Shark Bay.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts · What happens: select, establish, concern, use · To what, where: response, use, sponges

This is exam question 3 of lesson 235 «Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca grandmothers and whale songs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 use	det
11	use	use	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 sponges	case
13	sponges	sponge	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 use	nmod
14	by	by	ADP	_	15 dolphins	case
15	dolphins	dolphin	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 concerning	obl
16	in	in	ADP	_	18 Bay	case
17	Shark	Shark	PROPN	Number=Sing	18 Bay	compound
18	Bay	Bay	PROPN	Number=Sing	15 dolphins	nmod
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the use of sponges	by dolphins in Shark Bay	vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus use=Experiencer
4	use			sponges		nom use «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The practice serves to warm the snout

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 practice	det
2	practice	practice	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 serves	nsubj
3	serves	serve	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	to	to	PART	_	5 warm	mark
5	warm	warm	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	3 serves	xcomp
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 snout	det
7	snout	snout	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 warm	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	serve	present	the practice						tree rules
2	warm	to-infinitive	the practice not said here	the snout					vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent snout=Patient

Option 2

The practice was introduced by human trainers at a nearby marine park

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 practice	det
2	practice	practice	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 introduced	nsubj:pass
3	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 introduced	aux:pass
4	introduced	introduce	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	by	by	ADP	_	7 trainers	case
6	human	human	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 trainers	amod
7	trainers	trainer	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 introduced	obl
8	at	at	ADP	_	12 park	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 park	det
10	nearby	nearby	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 park	amod
11	marine	marine	ADJ	Degree=Pos	12 park	amod
12	park	park	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 introduced	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	introduce	past · passive	human trainers	the practice		a nearby marine park			vn amalgamate-22.2-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Patient

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

The practice is transmitted from mother to offspring and constitutes culture

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 practice	det
2	practice	practice	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 transmitted	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 transmitted	aux:pass
4	transmitted	transmit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	from	from	ADP	_	6 mother	case
6	mother	mother	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 transmitted	obl
7	to	to	ADP	_	8 offspring	case
8	offspring	offspring	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 mother	nmod
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 culture	cc
10	constitutes	constitute	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 culture	compound
11	culture	culture	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 mother	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	transmit	present · passive		the practice				from mother to offspring and constitutes culture	vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: subject=Theme from mother=Initial_Location

Option 4

The practice is innate in every dolphin

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 practice	det
2	practice	practice	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 innate	nsubj
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 innate	cop
4	innate	innate	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 dolphin	case
6	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	7 dolphin	det
7	dolphin	dolphin	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 innate	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	the practice					in every dolphin; innate property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs/e3/