Test 10 · ★★ · Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca grandmothers and whale…

«mum, why are those dolphins slapping the mud in a circle» What is going on?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: dolphins, circle · What happens: be, slap, go on · To what, where: dolphins, mud, circle

This is test 10 · ★★ of lesson 235 «Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca grandmothers and whale songs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	2 mum	punct
2	mum	mum	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 dolphins	punct
4	why	why	ADV	PronType=Int	7 dolphins	advmod
5	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 dolphins	cop
6	those	that	DET	Number=Plur PronType=Dem	7 dolphins	det
7	dolphins	dolphin	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 mum	appos
8	slapping	slap	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	7 dolphins	acl
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 mud	det
10	mud	mud	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 slapping	obj
11	in	in	ADP	_	13 circle	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	13 circle	det
13	circle	circle	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 slapping	obl
14	»	»	PUNCT	_	13 circle	punct
15	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	17 going	nsubj
16	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	17 going	aux
17	going	go	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	13 circle	conj
18	on	on	ADP	_	17 going	compound:prt
19	?	?	PUNCT	_	2 mum	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	is a in a quote	present		that dolphins		tree rules
2	slap in a quote	gerund	that dolphins not said here	the mud	a circle	vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent mud=Theme in circle=Destination
3	go on	present · progressive	a circle			vn function-105.2.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

They trap fish, which jump out of the ring into their mouths

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 trap	nsubj
2	trap	trap	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 trap	obj
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 jump	punct
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 jump	nsubj
6	jump	jump	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 fish	acl:relcl
7	out	out	ADP	_	10 ring	case
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 ring	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 ring	det
10	ring	ring	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 jump	obl
11	into	into	ADP	_	13 mouths	case
12	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 mouths	nmod:poss
13	mouths	mouth	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 trap	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	trap	present	They	fish				into their mouths result	vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent fish=Patient into mouth=Result
2	jump out	present	fish	the ring					vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme ring=Trajectory

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

They are angry at the mud

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 angry	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 angry	cop
3	angry	angry	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	at	at	ADP	_	6 mud	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 mud	det
6	mud	mud	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 angry	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	They			the mud		angry property	tree rules

Option 3

They are building a nest

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 building	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 building	aux
3	building	build	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 nest	det
5	nest	nest	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 building	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	build	present · progressive	They	a nest					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset nest=Product

Option 4

They are washing themselves clean in the mud, like pigs

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 washing	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 washing	aux
3	washing	wash	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
4	themselves	themselves	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	3 washing	obj
5	clean	clean	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 washing	xcomp
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 mud	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 mud	det
8	mud	mud	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 washing	obl
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 pigs	punct
10	like	like	ADP	_	11 pigs	case
11	pigs	pig	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 washing	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	wash	present · progressive	They	themselves = they		the mud		like pigs; clean property	vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent themselves=Patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs/t10/