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Test 11 · ★★ · Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca grandmothers and whale…

A humpback blows bubbles in a spiral under a shoal of fish. What is it doing?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: humpback · What happens: blow, do · To what, where: bubbles

This is test 11 · ★★ of lesson 235 «Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca grandmothers and whale songs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A humpback blows bubbles in a spiral under a shoal of fish.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 humpback	det
2	humpback	humpback	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 blows	nsubj
3	blows	blow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	bubbles	bubble	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 blows	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 spiral	case
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 spiral	det
7	spiral	spiral	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 blows	obl
8	under	under	ADP	_	10 shoal	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 shoal	det
10	shoal	shoal	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 blows	obl
11	of	of	ADP	_	12 fish	case
12	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 shoal	nmod
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 blows	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	blow	present	a humpback	bubbles				under a shoal of fish; in a spiral	vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP PP.recipient PP.theme»: agent=Agent bubble=Patient in spiral=Topic

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is it doing?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	4 doing	obj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 doing	aux
3	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	4 doing	nsubj
4	doing	do	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
5	?	?	PUNCT	_	4 doing	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	do	present · progressive	humpback						vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Eventuality

The options

Option 1

Cleaning out its blowhole with bubbles

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Cleaning	clean	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	out	out	ADP	_	1 Cleaning	compound:prt
3	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	4 blowhole	nmod:poss
4	blowhole	blowhole	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Cleaning	obj
5	with	with	ADP	_	6 bubbles	case
6	bubbles	bubble	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Cleaning	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	clean out	gerund		its blowhole				with bubbles	vn other_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent blowhole=Patient with bubble=Instrument

Option 2

Breathing out slowly after a long sleep

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Breathing	breathe	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	out	out	ADP	_	1 Breathing	compound:prt
3	slowly	slowly	ADV	_	1 Breathing	advmod
4	after	after	ADP	_	7 sleep	case
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 sleep	det
6	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 sleep	amod
7	sleep	sleep	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Breathing	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	breathe out	gerund					after a long sleep	slowly property	vn breathe-40.1.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Making a bubble net to trap the fish

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Making	make	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	root	root
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 net	det
3	bubble	bubble	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 net	compound
4	net	net	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Making	obj
5	to	to	PART	_	6 trap	mark
6	trap	trap	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	1 Making	advcl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 fish	det
8	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 trap	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	gerund		a bubble net					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset net=Product
2	trap	to-infinitive		the fish					vn trick-59.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fish=Patient

Option 4

Playing with bubble rings, just for fun

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Playing	play	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	root	root
2	with	with	ADP	_	4 rings	case
3	bubble	bubble	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 rings	compound
4	rings	ring	NOUN	Number=Plur	1 Playing	obl
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 fun	punct
6	just	just	ADV	_	8 fun	advmod
7	for	for	ADP	_	8 fun	case
8	fun	fun	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Playing	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	play	gerund						with bubble rings; for fun	vn play-114.2-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent with ring=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs/t11/