Exam question 1 · Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca grandmothers and whale…

Identify the function of the signature whistle of the bottlenose dolphin.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, bottlenose dolphin · What happens: identify, whistle · To what, where: function

This is exam question 1 of lesson 235 «Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca grandmothers and whale songs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 function	det
3	function	function	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
4	of	of	ADP	_	7 whistle	case
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 whistle	det
6	signature	signature	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 whistle	compound
7	whistle	whistle	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 function	nmod
8	of	of	ADP	_	11 dolphin	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 dolphin	det
10	bottlenose	bottlenose	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 dolphin	compound
11	dolphin	dolphin	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 whistle	nmod
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the function of the signature whistle of the bottlenose dolphin					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent function=Theme
2	whistle		the bottlenose dolphin						nom whistle «event intransitive»: of=agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

It is identical in every member of the species

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 identical	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 identical	cop
3	identical	identical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 member	case
5	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	6 member	det
6	member	member	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 identical	obl
7	of	of	ADP	_	9 species	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 species	det
9	species	species	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 member	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It			every member of the species		identical property	tree rules

Option 2

It serves exclusively as an alarm in respect of approaching sharks

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 serves	nsubj
2	serves	serve	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	2 serves	advmod
4	as	as	ADP	_	6 alarm	case
5	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 alarm	det
6	alarm	alarm	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 serves	obl
7	in	in	ADP	_	8 respect	case
8	respect	respect	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 serves	obl
9	of	of	ADP	_	11 sharks	case
10	approaching	approaching	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 sharks	compound
11	sharks	shark	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 respect	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	serve	present	It					as a alarm; in respect of approaching sharks; exclusively property	vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent in respect=Attribute
2	respect			approaching sharks					nom respect «cognition transitive»: of=patient

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

It serves as an individual identifier comparable to a name

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 serves	nsubj
2	serves	serve	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	as	as	ADP	_	6 identifier	case
4	an	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 identifier	det
5	individual	individual	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 identifier	amod
6	identifier	identifier	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 serves	obl
7	comparable	comparable	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 identifier	amod
8	to	to	ADP	_	10 name	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 name	det
10	name	name	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 comparable	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	serve	present	It					as a individual identifier	vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Agent as identifier=Attribute

Option 4

It is produced solely during sleep

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 produced	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 produced	aux:pass
3	produced	produce	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	solely	solely	ADV	_	3 produced	advmod
5	during	during	ADP	_	6 sleep	case
6	sleep	sleep	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 produced	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	produce	present · passive		It			during sleep	solely property	vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Result

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs/e1/