Test 3 · ★★ · Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca grandmothers and whale…

«Jake reckons humpbacks just moo randomly» What is closer to the truth?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 1 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: Jake, humpbacks · What happens: reckon, moo, be · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 3 · ★★ of lesson 235 «Animal minds: dolphins' names, orca grandmothers and whale songs» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	3 reckons	punct
2	Jake	Jake	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 reckons	nsubj
3	reckons	reckon	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	humpbacks	humpback	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 moo	nsubj
5	just	just	ADV	_	6 moo	advmod
6	moo	moo	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 reckons	ccomp
7	randomly	randomly	ADV	_	6 moo	advmod
8	»	»	PUNCT	_	6 moo	punct
9	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	11 closer	nsubj
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 closer	cop
11	closer	close	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	6 moo	conj
12	to	to	ADP	_	14 truth	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 truth	det
14	truth	truth	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 closer	obl
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 reckons	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	reckon in a quote	present	Jake		vn consider-29.9-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Theme
2	moo in a quote	present	humpbacks	randomly property	vn animal_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	is	present		to the truth; close property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ✓ the right answer

Males sing long songs that a whole area shares and changes

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Males	male	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 sing	nsubj
2	sing	sing	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	long	long	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 songs	amod
4	songs	song	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 sing	obj
5	that	that	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 shares	nsubj
6	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 area	det
7	whole	whole	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 area	amod
8	area	area	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 shares	compound
9	shares	share	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 songs	conj
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	11 changes	cc
11	changes	change	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 shares	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	sing speech: express	present	Males	long songs and area shares and changes					vn sound_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location song=Theme
2	share		that						tree rules

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice

Only the baby humpbacks sing, to call their mothers when they get lost

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	4 humpbacks	advmod
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 humpbacks	det
3	baby	baby	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 humpbacks	compound
4	humpbacks	humpback	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 sing	nsubj
5	sing	sing	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 call	punct
7	to	to	PART	_	8 call	mark
8	call	call	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	5 sing	conj
9	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 mothers	nmod:poss
10	mothers	mother	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 call	obj
11	when	when	SCONJ	_	14 lost	mark
12	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 lost	nsubj
13	get	get	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 lost	aux:pass
14	lost	lose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 call	advcl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	roles by
1	sing speech: express	present	the baby humpbacks			vn sound_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	call	to-infinitive	the baby humpbacks not said here		humpbacks's mothers	vn initiate_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent mother=Recipient
3	lose	present · passive		humpbacks = humpback		vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality

Option 3

Humpbacks only make one sound

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Humpbacks	humpback	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 make	nsubj
2	only	only	ADV	_	3 make	advmod
3	make	make	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	5 sound	nummod
5	sound	sound	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 make	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	make	present	Humpbacks	one sound					vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sound=Product

Option 4

Humpbacks are silent

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Humpbacks	humpback	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 silent	nsubj
2	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 silent	cop
3	silent	silent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	Humpbacks					silent property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/235-animal-minds-dolphins-names-orca-grandmothers-and-whale-songs/t3/