Test 5 · ★★ · Animal minds: elephants' memory, feelings and the mouse myth

«a whale's brain is massive, so a whale must be cleverer than me» What is wrong?

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 3 · right ✓ · Who acts: brain, whale · What happens: be · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 5 · ★★ of lesson 236 «Animal minds: elephants' memory, feelings and the mouse myth» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	«	«	PUNCT	_	7 massive	punct
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 whale	det
3	whale	whale	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 brain	nmod:poss
4	's	's	PART	_	3 whale	case
5	brain	brain	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 massive	nsubj
6	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	7 massive	cop
7	massive	massive	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 cleverer	punct
9	so	so	ADV	_	14 cleverer	advmod
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	11 whale	det
11	whale	whale	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 cleverer	nsubj
12	must	must	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	14 cleverer	aux
13	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	14 cleverer	cop
14	cleverer	clever	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	7 massive	parataxis
15	than	than	ADP	_	16 me	case
16	me	I	PRON	Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	14 cleverer	obl
17	»	»	PUNCT	_	14 cleverer	punct
18	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	20 wrong	nsubj
19	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	20 wrong	cop
20	wrong	wrong	ADJ	Degree=Pos	14 cleverer	parataxis
21	?	?	PUNCT	_	7 massive	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	other	roles by
1	is in a quote	present	a whale's brain	massive property	tree rules
2	is in a quote	must	a whale	than me; clever property	tree rules
3	is	present		wrong property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

Whales have no brains

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Whales	whale	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 have	nsubj
2	have	have	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	no	no	DET	PronType=Neg	4 brains	det
4	brains	brain	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 have	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	have	present	Whales	no brains					vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent brain=Patient

Option 2

Nothing, bigger brains always win

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Nothing	nothing	PRON	Number=Sing PronType=Neg	6 win	compound
2	,	,	PUNCT	_	1 Nothing	punct
3	bigger	big	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	4 brains	amod
4	brains	brain	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 win	nsubj
5	always	always	ADV	PronType=Tot	6 win	advmod
6	win	win	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	win	present	bigger brains					always property	vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

A big body needs a big brain, so size alone does not prove cleverness

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 body	det
2	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 body	amod
3	body	body	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 needs	nsubj
4	needs	need	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	7 brain	det
6	big	big	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 brain	amod
7	brain	brain	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 needs	obj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 prove	punct
9	so	so	ADV	_	14 prove	advmod
10	size	size	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 prove	nsubj
11	alone	alone	ADV	_	10 size	advmod
12	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 prove	aux
13	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	14 prove	advmod
14	prove	prove	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 needs	parataxis
15	cleverness	cleverness	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 prove	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	need	present	a big body	a big brain					vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot brain=Theme
2	not prove	present · do-support	size	cleverness					vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cleverness=Theme

Option 4

Only small brains are clever

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Only	only	ADV	_	3 brains	advmod
2	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	3 brains	amod
3	brains	brain	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 clever	nsubj
4	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	5 clever	cop
5	clever	clever	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	small brains					clever property	tree rules

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/236-animal-minds-elephants-memory-feelings-and-the-mouse-myth/t5/