Exam question 1 · Animal minds: what dogs and cats feel and understand (and…
Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the «guilty» expression exhibited by a dog upon being reprimanded?
Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris, exhibit, reprimand · To what, where: guilty expression
This is exam question 1 of lesson 237 «Animal minds: what dogs and cats feel and understand (and do cats really chase mice?)» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 8 characterises | nsubj |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 5 statements | case |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 statements | det |
| 4 | following | follow | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 5 statements | amod |
| 5 | statements | statement | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 characterises | obl |
| 6 | most | most | ADV | Degree=Sup | 7 accurately | advmod |
| 7 | accurately | accurately | ADV | _ | 8 characterises | advmod |
| 8 | characterises | characteris | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 expression | det |
| 10 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 11 guilty | punct |
| 11 | guilty | guilty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 expression | amod |
| 12 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 11 guilty | punct |
| 13 | expression | expression | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 characterises | obj |
| 14 | exhibited | exhibit | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 13 expression | acl |
| 15 | by | by | ADP | _ | 17 dog | case |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 dog | det |
| 17 | dog | dog | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 exhibited | obl:agent |
| 18 | upon | upon | SCONJ | _ | 20 reprimanded | mark |
| 19 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 20 reprimanded | aux:pass |
| 20 | reprimanded | reprimand | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 exhibited | advcl |
| 21 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 8 characterises | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | follow | gerund | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 2 | characteris | present | the guilty expression | of the following statements; accurately property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | exhibit | participle | the guilty expression not said here | vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 4 | reprimand | gerund · passive | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1
It is displayed only by dogs of working breeds
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 displayed | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 displayed | aux:pass |
| 3 | displayed | display | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | only | only | ADV | _ | 3 displayed | advmod |
| 5 | by | by | ADP | _ | 6 dogs | case |
| 6 | dogs | dog | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 displayed | obl:agent |
| 7 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 breeds | case |
| 8 | working | working | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 breeds | compound |
| 9 | breeds | breed | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 dogs | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | display | present · passive | dogs of working breeds | It | vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |
Option 2 · ← Mova's choice
It is never observed in domestic dogs
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 observed | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 observed | aux:pass |
| 3 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 4 observed | advmod |
| 4 | observed | observe | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 dogs | case |
| 6 | domestic | domestic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 dogs | amod |
| 7 | dogs | dog | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 observed | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not observe | present · passive | It | in domestic dogs | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic |
Option 3
It constitutes a reliable admission of the specific misdeed
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 constitutes | nsubj |
| 2 | constitutes | constitute | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 admission | det |
| 4 | reliable | reliable | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 admission | amod |
| 5 | admission | admission | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 constitutes | obj |
| 6 | of | of | ADP | _ | 9 misdeed | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 misdeed | det |
| 8 | specific | specific | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 misdeed | amod |
| 9 | misdeed | misdeed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 admission | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | constitute | present | It | a reliable admission of the specific misdeed | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme admission=Pivot | ||||
| 2 | admit | the specific misdeed | nom admission «act transitive»: of=patient |
Option 4 · ✓ the right answer
It is displayed irrespective of actual misconduct and probably serves to appease the owner
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | It | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 displayed | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 displayed | aux:pass |
| 3 | displayed | display | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 4 | irrespective | irrespective | ADV | _ | 3 displayed | advmod |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 misconduct | case |
| 6 | actual | actual | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 misconduct | amod |
| 7 | misconduct | misconduct | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 displayed | obl |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 serves | cc |
| 9 | probably | probably | ADV | _ | 10 serves | advmod |
| 10 | serves | serve | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 displayed | conj |
| 11 | to | to | PART | _ | 12 appease | mark |
| 12 | appease | appease | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 serves | xcomp |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 owner | det |
| 14 | owner | owner | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 appease | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | display | present · passive | It | of actual misconduct; irrespective property | vn reflexive_appearance-48.1.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 2 | serve | present | probably property | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | appease | to-infinitive | the owner | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus owner=Experiencer |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/237-animal-minds-what-dogs-and-cats-feel-and-understand-and-do-cats-really-chase-mice/e1/