Exam question 2 · Ants: colonies, queens, farmers and living bridges

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the diet of leafcutter ants?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 3 · wrong ✗ · What happens: follow, characteris · To what, where: diet

This is exam question 2 of lesson 238 «Ants: colonies, queens, farmers and living bridges» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 diet	det
10	diet	diet	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	13 ants	case
12	leafcutter	leafcutter	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 ants	compound
13	ants	ant	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 diet	nmod
14	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present		the diet of leafcutter ants				of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

They subsist on the nectar of flowers gathered during the hours of daylight

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 subsist	nsubj
2	subsist	subsist	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	on	on	ADP	_	5 nectar	case
4	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 nectar	det
5	nectar	nectar	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 subsist	obl
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 flowers	case
7	flowers	flower	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 gathered	obl
8	gathered	gather	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	5 nectar	acl:relcl
9	during	during	ADP	_	11 hours	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 hours	det
11	hours	hour	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 gathered	obl
12	of	of	ADP	_	13 daylight	case
13	daylight	daylight	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 hours	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	subsist	present	They					on the nectar	vn gorge-39.6 «NP V PP.patient»: agent=Agent on nectar=Patient
2	gather	past	the nectar not said here				hour	of flowers	vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 2

They consume soil exclusively

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 consume	nsubj
2	consume	consume	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	soil	soil	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 consume	obj
4	exclusively	exclusively	ADV	_	2 consume	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	consume	present	They	soil				exclusively property	vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent soil=Asset

Option 3 · ✓ the right answer

They cultivate a fungus upon chewed leaves and consume the fungus

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 cultivate	nsubj
2	cultivate	cultivate	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	4 fungus	det
4	fungus	fungus	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 cultivate	obj
5	upon	upon	ADP	_	7 leaves	case
6	chewed	chew	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 leaves	amod
7	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 cultivate	obl
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 consume	cc
9	consume	consume	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 cultivate	conj
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 fungus	det
11	fungus	fungus	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 consume	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	cultivate	present	They	a fungus	upon chewed leaves	vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fungus=Product
2	chew	participle				vn chew-39.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
3	consume	infinitive	They not said here	the fungus		vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fungus=Asset

Option 4

They consume the leaves directly

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	They	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 consume	nsubj
2	consume	consume	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 leaves	det
4	leaves	leaf	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 consume	obj
5	directly	directly	ADV	_	2 consume	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	consume	present	They	the leaves				directly property	vn consume-66 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent leaf=Asset

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/238-ants-colonies-queens-farmers-and-living-bridges/e2/