Exam question 1 · Animal builders: beavers, dams and lodges

Which of the following statements most accurately characterises the construction of a beaver dam?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · What happens: follow, characteris, construct · To what, where: construction, beaver dam

This is exam question 1 of lesson 242 «Animal builders: beavers, dams and lodges» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	8 characterises	nsubj
2	of	of	ADP	_	5 statements	case
3	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	5 statements	det
4	following	follow	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	5 statements	amod
5	statements	statement	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 characterises	obl
6	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	7 accurately	advmod
7	accurately	accurately	ADV	_	8 characterises	advmod
8	characterises	characteris	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 construction	det
10	construction	construction	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 characterises	obj
11	of	of	ADP	_	14 dam	case
12	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 dam	det
13	beaver	beaver	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 dam	compound
14	dam	dam	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 construction	nmod
15	?	?	PUNCT	_	8 characterises	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	what, whom	other	roles by
1	follow	gerund			vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	characteris	present	the construction of a beaver dam	of the following statements; accurately property	tree rules
3	construct		a beaver dam		nom construction «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

It is constructed of sticks, stones and mud, without the employment of any tool

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 constructed	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 constructed	aux:pass
3	constructed	construct	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 sticks	case
5	sticks	stick	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 constructed	obl
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 stones	punct
7	stones	stone	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 sticks	conj
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	9 mud	cc
9	mud	mud	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 sticks	conj
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 employment	punct
11	without	without	ADP	_	13 employment	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 employment	det
13	employment	employment	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 constructed	obl
14	of	of	ADP	_	16 tool	case
15	any	any	DET	PronType=Ind	16 tool	det
16	tool	tool	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 employment	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	construct	present · passive		It				of sticks and stones and mud; without the employment of any tool	vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Result
2	employ			any tool					nom employment «state transitive»: of=patient

Option 2

It is excavated, rather than built, in the bed of the stream

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 excavated	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 excavated	aux:pass
3	excavated	excavate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 built	punct
5	rather	rather	ADV	ExtPos=CCONJ	7 built	cc
6	than	than	ADP	_	5 rather	fixed
7	built	build	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	3 excavated	conj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 bed	punct
9	in	in	ADP	_	11 bed	case
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 bed	det
11	bed	bed	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 built	obl
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 stream	case
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 stream	det
14	stream	stream	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 bed	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	excavate	present · passive		It					vn search-35.2 «NP V NP PP.theme»: subject=Location
2	build	participle						in the bed of the stream	vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in bed=Attribute

Option 3

It is formed of ice deposited by the animals in winter

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 formed	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 formed	aux:pass
3	formed	form	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	of	of	ADP	_	5 ice	case
5	ice	ice	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 formed	obl
6	deposited	deposit	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 ice	acl
7	by	by	ADP	_	9 animals	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 animals	det
9	animals	animal	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 deposited	obl
10	in	in	ADP	_	11 winter	case
11	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 deposited	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	form	present · passive		It				of ice	vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme
2	deposit	participle		ice not said here			winter	by the animals	vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent by animal=Destination

Option 4

It is erected with implements appropriated from human dwellings

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 erected	nsubj:pass
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 erected	aux:pass
3	erected	erect	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
4	with	with	ADP	_	5 implements	case
5	implements	implement	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 erected	obl
6	appropriated	appropriate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	5 implements	acl
7	from	from	ADP	_	9 dwellings	case
8	human	human	ADJ	Degree=Pos	9 dwellings	amod
9	dwellings	dwelling	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 appropriated	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	erect	present · passive		It				with implements	vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Product
2	appropriate	participle		implements not said here		human dwellings			vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent from dwelling=Source

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/242-animal-builders-beavers-dams-and-lodges/e1/