Exam question 2 · Animal builders: beavers, dams and lodges

Identify the principal function of the pond impounded behind a beaver dam.

Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, impound · To what, where: principal function, pond, beaver dam

This is exam question 2 of lesson 242 «Animal builders: beavers, dams and lodges» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 function	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 function	amod
4	function	function	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	of	of	ADP	_	7 pond	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	7 pond	det
7	pond	pond	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 function	nmod
8	impounded	impound	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	7 pond	acl
9	behind	behind	ADP	_	12 dam	case
10	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	12 dam	det
11	beaver	beaver	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 dam	compound
12	dam	dam	NOUN	Number=Sing	8 impounded	obl
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal function of the pond					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent function=Theme
2	impound	participle		the pond not said here		a beaver dam			vn concealment-16 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent behind dam=Location

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

The irrigation of crops planted by the beavers

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 irrigation	det
2	irrigation	irrigation	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 crops	case
4	crops	crop	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 irrigation	nmod
5	planted	plant	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 crops	acl
6	by	by	ADP	_	8 beavers	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 beavers	det
8	beavers	beaver	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 planted	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	plant	participle		crops not said here				by the beavers	vn put-9.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent by beaver=Destination
2	irrigate			crops					nom irrigation «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

The provision of deep water which does not freeze to the bed, wherein a protected lodge may be situated

The tree, 19 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 provision	det
2	provision	provision	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 freeze	nsubj
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 water	case
4	deep	deep	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 water	amod
5	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 provision	nmod
6	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	9 freeze	nsubj
7	does	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 freeze	aux
8	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	9 freeze	advmod
9	freeze	freeze	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
10	to	to	ADP	_	12 bed	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 bed	det
12	bed	bed	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 freeze	obl
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 situated	punct
14	wherein	wherein	ADV	PronType=Int	20 situated	advmod
15	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	17 lodge	det
16	protected	protect	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	17 lodge	amod
17	lodge	lodge	NOUN	Number=Sing	20 situated	nsubj:pass
18	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	20 situated	aux
19	be	be	AUX	VerbForm=Inf	20 situated	aux:pass
20	situated	situate	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	9 freeze	parataxis

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	not freeze	present · do-support	the provision of deep water		to the bed	vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient
2	protect	participle				vn defend-72.3 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent
3	situate	may · passive		a protected lodge	wherein property	vn put-9.1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme
4	provide		deep water			nom provision «communication intransitive»: of=agent

Option 3

The drowning of predators which approach the colony, chiefly wolves, bears and lynxes by night

The tree, 15 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 drowning	det
2	drowning	drowning	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 predators	case
4	predators	predator	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 drowning	nmod
5	which	which	PRON	PronType=Rel	6 approach	nsubj
6	approach	approach	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 predators	acl:relcl
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 colony	det
8	colony	colony	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 approach	obj
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 wolves	punct
10	chiefly	chiefly	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 wolves	amod
11	wolves	wolf	NOUN	Number=Plur	8 colony	appos
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	13 bears	punct
13	bears	bear	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 wolves	conj
14	and	and	CCONJ	_	15 lynxes	cc
15	lynxes	lynxe	NOUN	Number=Plur	11 wolves	conj
16	by	by	ADP	_	17 night	case
17	night	night	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 approach	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	approach	present	predators	the colony			night		vn confront-98 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent colony=Theme

Option 4 · ← Mova's choice

The cultivation of fish for consumption by the beavers during the winter months, when they cannot leave the water

The tree, 20 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 cultivation	det
2	cultivation	cultivation	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 fish	case
4	fish	fish	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 cultivation	nmod
5	for	for	ADP	_	6 consumption	case
6	consumption	consumption	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 cultivation	nmod
7	by	by	ADP	_	9 beavers	case
8	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	9 beavers	det
9	beavers	beaver	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 consumption	nmod
10	during	during	ADP	_	13 months	case
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	13 months	det
12	winter	winter	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 months	compound
13	months	month	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 beavers	nmod
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	2 cultivation	punct
15	when	when	SCONJ	_	19 leave	mark
16	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	19 leave	nsubj
17	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	19 leave	aux
18	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	19 leave	advmod
19	leave	leave	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	2 cultivation	acl
20	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	21 water	det
21	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	19 leave	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	not leave	can	beavers = beaver	the water		vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme
2	cultivate			fish	for consumption by the beavers during the winter months	nom cultivation «act transitive»: of=patient for=obl
3	consume		the beavers during the winter months			nom consumption «act transitive»: by=agent

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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