Exam question 2 · Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish, scorpions and the pl…

Identify the principal method by which antivenom is produced.

Mova's choice: option 3 · The right answer: option 2 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you · What happens: identify, produce · To what, where: principal method, antivenom

This is exam question 2 of lesson 246 «Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish, scorpions and the platypus» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Identify	identify	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	4 method	det
3	principal	principal	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 method	amod
4	method	method	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Identify	obj
5	by	by	SCONJ	_	9 produced	mark
6	which	which	DET	PronType=Int	7 antivenom	det
7	antivenom	antivenom	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 produced	nsubj:pass
8	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	9 produced	aux:pass
9	produced	produce	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	1 Identify	advcl
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Identify	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	identify	imperative	you not said here	the principal method					vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent method=Theme
2	produce	present · passive		which antivenom					vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Result

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1

The dilution of venom in sea water

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 dilution	det
2	dilution	dilution	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 venom	case
4	venom	venom	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 dilution	nmod
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 water	case
6	sea	sea	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 water	compound
7	water	water	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 dilution	nmod

The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

Option 2 · ✓ the right answer

The administration of small doses of venom to horses and the collection of the resulting antibodies

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 administration	det
2	administration	administration	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	5 doses	case
4	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 doses	amod
5	doses	dose	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 administration	nmod
6	of	of	ADP	_	7 venom	case
7	venom	venom	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 doses	nmod
8	to	to	ADP	_	9 horses	case
9	horses	horse	NOUN	Number=Plur	7 venom	nmod
10	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 collection	cc
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 collection	det
12	collection	collection	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 horses	conj
13	of	of	ADP	_	16 antibodies	case
14	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 antibodies	det
15	resulting	result	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	16 antibodies	amod
16	antibodies	antibody	NOUN	Number=Plur	12 collection	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	result	gerund							vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	administer			small doses of venom to horses and the collection of the resulting antibodies					nom administration «act transitive»: of=patient

Option 3 · ← Mova's choice

The boiling of venom extracted from snakes until all of its harmful properties are destroyed entirely

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 boiling	det
2	boiling	boiling	NOUN	Number=Sing	15 destroyed	nsubj:pass
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 venom	case
4	venom	venom	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 boiling	nmod
5	extracted	extract	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 venom	acl
6	from	from	ADP	_	7 snakes	case
7	snakes	snake	NOUN	Number=Plur	5 extracted	obl
8	until	until	ADP	_	9 all	case
9	all	all	DET	PronType=Tot	5 extracted	obl
10	of	of	ADP	_	13 properties	case
11	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	13 properties	nmod:poss
12	harmful	harmful	ADJ	Degree=Pos	13 properties	amod
13	properties	property	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 all	nmod
14	are	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	15 destroyed	aux:pass
15	destroyed	destroy	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
16	entirely	entirely	ADV	_	15 destroyed	advmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	extract	participle		venom not said here			until all	from snakes	vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent from snake=Initial_Location
2	destroy	present · passive		the boiling of venom				entirely property	vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient

Option 4

The extraction of juices from tropical plants

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 extraction	det
2	extraction	extraction	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
3	of	of	ADP	_	4 juices	case
4	juices	juice	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 extraction	nmod
5	from	from	ADP	_	7 plants	case
6	tropical	tropical	ADJ	Degree=Pos	7 plants	amod
7	plants	plant	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 juices	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	extract			juices from tropical plants					nom extraction «process transitive»: of=patient

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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