Exam question 3 · Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish, scorpions and the pl…

Select the response consistent with the established facts concerning the conduct of a person who encounters a snake upon a footpath.

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 4 · wrong ✗ · Who acts: you, established facts, person · What happens: select, establish, concern, encounter, conduct · To what, where: response, conduct, snake, person

This is exam question 3 of lesson 246 «Defences: venom in snakes, jellyfish, scorpions and the platypus» of the biology course of Mova's primary school, asked in stiff, formal language. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Select	select	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	root	root
2	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	3 response	det
3	response	response	NOUN	Number=Sing	1 Select	obj
4	consistent	consistent	ADJ	Degree=Pos	1 Select	xcomp
5	with	with	ADP	_	8 facts	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 facts	det
7	established	establish	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	8 facts	amod
8	facts	fact	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 consistent	obl
9	concerning	concern	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	8 facts	acl
10	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	11 conduct	det
11	conduct	conduct	NOUN	Number=Sing	9 concerning	obj
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 person	case
13	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	14 person	det
14	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 conduct	nmod
15	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	16 encounters	nsubj
16	encounters	encounter	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	14 person	acl:relcl
17	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	18 snake	det
18	snake	snake	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 encounters	obj
19	upon	upon	ADP	_	21 footpath	case
20	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	21 footpath	det
21	footpath	footpath	NOUN	Number=Sing	16 encounters	obl
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	1 Select	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	select	imperative	you not said here	the response	consistent property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent response=Theme
2	establish	participle				vn indicate-78-1-1 «NP V NP to be NP»: agent=Pivot
3	concern	gerund	the established facts not said here	the conduct of a person		vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus conduct=Experiencer
4	encounter	present	a person	a snake	upon a footpath	vn encounter-30.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer snake=Stimulus
5	conduct			a person		nom conduct «act transitive»: of=patient

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice

The person should strike the snake repeatedly with a stick

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 person	det
2	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 strike	nsubj
3	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 strike	aux
4	strike	strike	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 snake	det
6	snake	snake	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 strike	obj
7	repeatedly	repeatedly	ADV	_	4 strike	advmod
8	with	with	ADP	_	10 stick	case
9	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	10 stick	det
10	stick	stick	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 strike	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	strike	should	the person	the snake				with a stick; repeatedly property	vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent snake=Patient with stick=Instrument

Option 2

The person should run directly towards the snake

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 person	det
2	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 run	nsubj
3	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 run	aux
4	run	run	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	directly	directly	ADV	_	4 run	advmod
6	towards	towards	ADP	_	8 snake	case
7	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	8 snake	det
8	snake	snake	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 run	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	run	should	the person					towards the snake; directly property	vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme towards snake=Destination

Option 3

The person should seize the snake firmly by the tail and remove it from the path

The tree, 16 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 person	det
2	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 seize	nsubj
3	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 seize	aux
4	seize	seize	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	6 snake	det
6	snake	snake	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 seize	obj
7	firmly	firmly	ADV	_	4 seize	advmod
8	by	by	ADP	_	10 tail	case
9	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 tail	det
10	tail	tail	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 seize	obl
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 remove	cc
12	remove	remove	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 seize	conj
13	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 remove	obj
14	from	from	ADP	_	16 path	case
15	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	16 path	det
16	path	path	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 remove	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	seize	should	the person	the snake				by the tail; firmly property	vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent snake=Theme
2	remove	infinitive	the person not said here	snake		the path			vn fire-10.10 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent it=Theme from path=Source

Option 4 · ✓ the right answer

The person should remain calm, retreat slowly and permit the snake to depart

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	The	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	2 person	det
2	person	person	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 remain	nsubj
3	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	4 remain	aux
4	remain	remain	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
5	calm	calm	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 remain	xcomp
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 retreat	punct
7	retreat	retreat	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 remain	conj
8	slowly	slowly	ADV	_	7 retreat	advmod
9	and	and	CCONJ	_	10 permit	cc
10	permit	permit	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 remain	conj
11	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	12 snake	det
12	snake	snake	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 permit	obj
13	to	to	PART	_	14 depart	mark
14	depart	depart	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 permit	xcomp

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	remain	should	the person		calm property	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
2	retreat	infinitive	the person not said here		slowly property	vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute
3	permit	infinitive	the person not said here	the snake		vn allow-64.1-1 «NP V NP S»: agent=Causer snake=Beneficiary clause=Eventuality
4	depart not said to happen	to-infinitive	the person not said here			vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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