Test 1 · Defences: poison, warning colours and mimics

In a cartoon a witch says touching a toad gives you warts. What is right?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: witch, touching · What happens: say, touch, give, be · To what, where: cartoon, toad, warts, you · Speech: someone speaks here

This is test 1 of lesson 247 «Defences: poison, warning colours and mimics» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In a cartoon a witch says touching a toad gives you warts.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 cartoon	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 cartoon	det
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 says	obl
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 witch	det
5	witch	witch	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 says	nsubj
6	says	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	touching	touch	VERB	VerbForm=Ger	10 gives	csubj
8	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	9 toad	det
9	toad	toad	NOUN	Number=Sing	7 touching	obj
10	gives	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 says	ccomp
11	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	10 gives	iobj
12	warts	wart	NOUN	Number=Plur	10 gives	obj
13	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 says	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	roles by
1	say speech: assert	present	a witch			a cartoon	vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
2	touch	gerund		a toad			vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme toad=Co-Theme
3	give	present	touching	warts	you		vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent you=Recipient wart=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is right?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 right	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 right	cop
3	right	right	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 right	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						right property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

It is true, but only on Fridays

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 true	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	8 Fridays	punct
5	but	but	CCONJ	_	8 Fridays	cc
6	only	only	ADV	_	8 Fridays	advmod
7	on	on	ADP	_	8 Fridays	case
8	Fridays	Friday	PROPN	Number=Plur	3 true	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present	It				friday	true property	tree rules

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Warts come from a human virus, but wash your hands after holding a toad

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Warts	wart	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 come	nsubj
2	come	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	6 virus	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 virus	det
5	human	human	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 virus	amod
6	virus	virus	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 come	obl
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	9 wash	punct
8	but	but	CCONJ	_	9 wash	cc
9	wash	wash	VERB	Mood=Imp VerbForm=Fin	2 come	conj
10	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	11 hands	nmod:poss
11	hands	hand	NOUN	Number=Plur	9 wash	obj
12	after	after	SCONJ	_	13 holding	mark
13	holding	hold	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	9 wash	advcl
14	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	15 toad	det
15	toad	toad	NOUN	Number=Sing	13 holding	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	roles by
1	come	present	Warts		a human virus	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from virus=Initial_Location
2	wash	infinitive	Warts not said here	your hands		vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient
3	hold	gerund	Warts not said here	a toad		vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent toad=Theme

Option 3

It is true, toads give you warts at once, wherever they touch your skin

The tree, 14 words

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 true	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	,	,	PUNCT	_	6 give	punct
5	toads	toad	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 give	nsubj
6	give	give	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	parataxis
7	you	you	PRON	Case=Acc Person=2 PronType=Prs	6 give	iobj
8	warts	wart	NOUN	Number=Plur	6 give	obj
9	at	at	ADP	_	10 once	case
10	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	6 give	obl
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	14 touch	punct
12	wherever	wherever	ADV	PronType=Int	14 touch	advmod
13	they	they	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs	14 touch	nsubj
14	touch	touch	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	parataxis
15	your	your	PRON	Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	16 skin	nmod:poss
16	skin	skin	NOUN	Number=Sing	14 touch	obj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	other	roles by
1	is	present	It			true property	tree rules
2	give	present	toads	warts	you		vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent you=Recipient wart=Theme at once=Asset
3	touch	present	toads = toad	your skin		wherever property	vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme skin=Co-Theme

Option 4

Warts come from frogs but never from toads

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Warts	wart	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 come	nsubj
2	come	come	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	from	from	ADP	_	4 frogs	case
4	frogs	frog	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 come	obl
5	but	but	CCONJ	_	8 toads	cc
6	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	8 toads	advmod
7	from	from	ADP	_	8 toads	case
8	toads	toad	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 frogs	conj

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	come	present	Warts					from frogs but toads	vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme from frog=Initial_Location

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/247-defences-poison-warning-colours-and-mimics/t1/