Test 10 · Defences: skunks, porcupines, hedgehogs and armour
«picked up a bug and now my fingers stink, gross» What was it probably?
Mova's choice: option 4 · The right answer: option 4 · right ✓ · Who acts: fingers · What happens: pick up, stink, be · To what, where: bug, gross
This is test 10 of lesson 248 «Defences: skunks, porcupines, hedgehogs and armour» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.
The question
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | « | « | PUNCT | _ | 2 picked | punct |
| 2 | picked | pick | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 3 | up | up | ADP | _ | 2 picked | compound:prt |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 bug | det |
| 5 | bug | bug | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 picked | obj |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 stink | cc |
| 7 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 10 stink | advmod |
| 8 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 9 fingers | nmod:poss |
| 9 | fingers | finger | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 stink | nsubj |
| 10 | stink | stink | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 2 picked | conj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 gross | punct |
| 12 | gross | gross | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 stink | obj |
| 13 | » | » | PUNCT | _ | 12 gross | punct |
| 14 | What | what | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 gross | conj |
| 15 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 16 it | cop |
| 16 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 What | nsubj |
| 17 | probably | probably | ADV | _ | 14 What | advmod |
| 18 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 2 picked | punct |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | pick up in a quote | participle | a bug | vn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bug=Topic | |||||
| 2 | stink in a quote | present | my fingers | gross | now | tree rules | |||
| 3 | is a | past | bug | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
The options
Option 1
A spider spinning a web between the leaves
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 spider | det |
| 2 | spider | spider | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | spinning | spin | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 2 spider | acl |
| 4 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 web | det |
| 5 | web | web | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 spinning | obj |
| 6 | between | between | ADP | _ | 8 leaves | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 leaves | det |
| 8 | leaves | leaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 web | nmod |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | spin | gerund | a spider not said here | a web | between the leaves | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent web=Theme |
Option 2
A ladybird laying eggs
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 ladybird | det |
| 2 | ladybird | ladybird | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 laying | nsubj |
| 3 | laying | lay | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 4 | eggs | egg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 laying | obj |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lay | gerund | a ladybird | eggs | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Result |
Option 3
A bee making honey in its hive
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 2 bee | det |
| 2 | bee | bee | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 3 | making | make | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 2 bee | acl |
| 4 | honey | honey | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 making | obj |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 7 hive | case |
| 6 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 hive | nmod:poss |
| 7 | hive | hive | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 making | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | gerund | a bee not said here | honey | honey's hive | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset honey=Product |
Option 4 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer
A stink bug defending itself with smelly chemicals
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | A | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 3 bug | det |
| 2 | stink | stink | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 bug | compound |
| 3 | bug | bug | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 4 | defending | defend | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 3 bug | acl |
| 5 | itself | itself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 4 defending | obj |
| 6 | with | with | ADP | _ | 8 chemicals | case |
| 7 | smelly | smelly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 chemicals | amod |
| 8 | chemicals | chemical | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 defending | obl |
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | defend | gerund | a stink bug not said here | bug | with smelly chemicals | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent itself=Beneficiary |
Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/248-defences-skunks-porcupines-hedgehogs-and-armour/t10/