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Test 11 · Defences: skunks, porcupines, hedgehogs and armour

A crab loses a claw in a fight. What can happen?

Mova's choice: option 1 · The right answer: option 1 · right ✓ · Who acts: crab · What happens: lose, happen · To what, where: claw, fight

This is test 11 of lesson 248 «Defences: skunks, porcupines, hedgehogs and armour» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: A crab loses a claw in a fight.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 crab	det
2	crab	crab	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 loses	nsubj
3	loses	lose	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 claw	det
5	claw	claw	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 loses	obj
6	in	in	ADP	_	8 fight	case
7	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	8 fight	det
8	fight	fight	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 loses	obl
9	.	.	PUNCT	_	3 loses	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	lose	present	a crab	a claw		a fight			vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent claw=Eventuality

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What can happen?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 happen	nsubj
2	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	3 happen	aux
3	happen	happen	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 happen	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	happen	can							vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

The options

Option 1 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

Many crabs grow it back over several moults

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 crabs	amod
2	crabs	crab	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 grow	nsubj
3	grow	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	it	it	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	3 grow	obj
5	back	back	ADV	_	3 grow	advmod
6	over	over	ADP	_	8 moults	case
7	several	several	ADJ	Degree=Pos	8 moults	amod
8	moults	moult	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 grow	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow back	present	Many crabs	it		several moults			vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location it=Theme

Option 2

It turns into a different animal

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 turns	nsubj
2	turns	turn	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	into	into	ADP	_	6 animal	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	6 animal	det
5	different	different	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 animal	amod
6	animal	animal	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 turns	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	turn	present	It					into a different animal result	vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.result»: agent=Theme into animal=Result

Option 3

It stays without a claw for ever

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 stays	nsubj
2	stays	stay	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	without	without	ADP	_	5 claw	case
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 claw	det
5	claw	claw	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 stays	obl
6	for	for	ADP	_	7 ever	case
7	ever	ever	ADV	PronType=Ind	2 stays	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	stay	present	It					without a claw	vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

Option 4

It grows two claws in its place at once

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	It	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	2 grows	nsubj
2	grows	grow	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	two	two	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	4 claws	nummod
4	claws	claw	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 grows	obj
5	in	in	ADP	_	7 place	case
6	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 place	nmod:poss
7	place	place	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 grows	obl
8	at	at	ADP	_	9 once	case
9	once	once	ADV	NumForm=Word NumType=Mult	2 grows	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	grow	present	It	two claws		its place			vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location claw=Theme

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/248-defences-skunks-porcupines-hedgehogs-and-armour/t11/