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Test 3 · Defences: skunks, porcupines, hedgehogs and armour

In a cartoon a tortoise jumps out of its shell and runs off in its pants. What is true?

Mova's choice: option 2 · The right answer: option 2 · right ✓ · Who acts: tortoise · What happens: jump out, run off, be · To what, where: shell, cartoon, pants

This is test 3 of lesson 248 «Defences: skunks, porcupines, hedgehogs and armour» of the biology course of Mova's primary school. The page gives the question's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause, then the 4 options as the student saw them, each with its tree and pragmatics. Every text is parsed by Mova itself. How the student answered it, with the score of every option and why: the test at school.

The question

Sentence 1: In a cartoon a tortoise jumps out of its shell and runs off in its pants.

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	In	in	ADP	_	3 cartoon	case
2	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	3 cartoon	det
3	cartoon	cartoon	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 jumps	obl
4	a	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	5 tortoise	det
5	tortoise	tortoise	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 jumps	nsubj
6	jumps	jump	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
7	out	out	ADP	_	10 shell	case
8	of	of	ADP	_	10 shell	case
9	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	10 shell	nmod:poss
10	shell	shell	NOUN	Number=Sing	6 jumps	obl
11	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 runs	cc
12	runs	run	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	6 jumps	conj
13	off	off	ADP	_	12 runs	compound:prt
14	in	in	ADP	_	16 pants	case
15	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	16 pants	nmod:poss
16	pants	pants	NOUN	Number=Ptan	12 runs	obl
17	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 jumps	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	jump out	present	a tortoise	tortoise's shell		a cartoon			vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent shell=Theme in cartoon=Trajectory
2	run off	present	a tortoise not said here			tortoise's pants			vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in pants=Trajectory

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Sentence 2: What is true?

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	What	what	PRON	PronType=Int	3 true	nsubj
2	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	3 true	cop
3	true	true	ADJ	Degree=Pos	root	root
4	?	?	PUNCT	_	3 true	punct

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	is	present						true property	tree rules

The options

Option 1

Tortoises swap their old shells for bigger ones every single spring

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Tortoises	tortoise	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 swap	nsubj
2	swap	swap	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 shells	nmod:poss
4	old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	5 shells	amod
5	shells	shell	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 swap	obj
6	for	for	ADP	_	8 ones	case
7	bigger	big	ADJ	Degree=Cmp	8 ones	amod
8	ones	one	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 swap	obl
9	every	every	DET	PronType=Tot	11 spring	det
10	single	single	ADJ	Degree=Pos	11 spring	amod
11	spring	spring	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 swap	obl:unmarked

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	swap	present	Tortoises	Tortoises's old shells			spring	for bigger ones	vn exchange-13.6.1 «NP V NP PP.co-theme»: agent=Agent shell=Theme for one=Co-Theme

Option 2 · ← Mova's choice · ✓ the right answer

A tortoise can never leave its shell, it is part of its skeleton

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	A	a	DET	Definite=Ind PronType=Art	2 tortoise	det
2	tortoise	tortoise	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 leave	nsubj
3	can	can	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	5 leave	aux
4	never	never	ADV	PronType=Neg	5 leave	advmod
5	leave	leave	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	root	root
6	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	7 shell	nmod:poss
7	shell	shell	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 leave	obj
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	11 part	punct
9	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	11 part	nsubj
10	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	11 part	cop
11	part	part	NOUN	Number=Sing	5 leave	advcl
12	of	of	ADP	_	14 skeleton	case
13	its	its	PRON	Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	14 skeleton	nmod:poss
14	skeleton	skeleton	NOUN	Number=Sing	11 part	nmod

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	not leave	can	a tortoise	tortoise's shell					vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shell=Theme
2	is a	present	tortoise	part				of tortoise's skeleton	tree rules

Option 3

Tortoises keep spare shells at home

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Tortoises	tortoise	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 keep	nsubj
2	keep	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
3	spare	spare	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 shells	amod
4	shells	shell	NOUN	Number=Plur	2 keep	obj
5	at	at	ADP	_	6 home	case
6	home	home	NOUN	Number=Sing	2 keep	obl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	keep	present	Tortoises	spare shells		home			vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent shell=Theme at home=Location

Option 4

Old tortoises leave their shells behind when it is time to die

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Old	old	ADJ	Degree=Pos	2 tortoises	amod
2	tortoises	tortoise	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 leave	nsubj
3	leave	leave	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	root	root
4	their	their	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	5 shells	nmod:poss
5	shells	shell	NOUN	Number=Plur	3 leave	obj
6	behind	behind	ADV	_	3 leave	advmod
7	when	when	SCONJ	_	10 time	mark
8	it	it	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	10 time	nsubj
9	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	10 time	cop
10	time	time	NOUN	Number=Sing	3 leave	obl:unmarked
11	to	to	PART	_	12 die	mark
12	die	die	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	10 time	acl

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	to whom	where	when	other	roles by
1	leave	present	Old tortoises	tortoises's shells				behind property	vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent shell=Theme
2	is a	present	it	time					tree rules
3	die	to-infinitive	Old tortoises not said here						vn calibratable_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute

Text: the tests of Mova's primary school, written for Mova (world/data/school/), as the course runner gave them to the student. Trees: Mova's own parse — the en model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), each text read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/questions/biology/248-defences-skunks-porcupines-hedgehogs-and-armour/t3/